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ESPERMIOGNESE
(a) formao do acrossoma. Grnulos do Golgi migram e juntam-se ao
redor da membrana nuclear.
(b) alteraes nucleares
(c) desenvolvimento de flagelo ou cauda
(d) reorganizao do citoplasma e organelas
(e) processo de liberao da clula de Sertoli, chamado de espermiao
The general architecture of the Sertoli cell is shown. Note the thin cytoplasmic processes that extend
between the germ cells. The Sertoli cell is in contact with a variety of germ cells and adjacent Sertoli cells
when three dimensional perspectives are considered. veja mais em: http://www.endotext.org/male/index.htm
REGULAO:
A testosterona age no ncleo arqueado do hipotlamo reduzindo a
freqncia sem modificar a sua amplitude
O estradiol exerce feedback negativo no hipotlamo diminuindo a
freqncia na na liberao em pulso do GnRH e reduzindo a sensibilidade
da hipfise ao GnRH.
Specific actions of Testosterone (T). T is synthesized in the testis under control of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary . After
entering the target cells (in the hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and wolffian duct) T is directly bound to the androgen receptor (AR) and the
complex T-AR binds to specific DNA sequences and regulates the gene transcription, which can result in negative feedback regulation of
gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion, in initiation and regulation of spermatogenesis and in the differentiation and development of the
wolffian duct.
Specific actions of 5-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT). T is synthesized in the testis under control of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the
pituitary . After entering the target cells (in the urogenital sinus, urogenital tubercle, and several additional androgen target tissues) T is
metablized to 5-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-Reductase type 2. DHT binds subsequently to the androgen receptor (AR)
and the complex DHT-AR binds to specific DNA sequences and regulates the gene transcription, which can result in the differentiation and
development of the prostate, the external genitalia and at puberty in several secondary male characteristics. veja mais em:
http://www.endotext.org/male/index.htm
Simplified model of androgen action in an androgen target cell. The key protein is the androgen receptor, which binds testosterone directly or its active
metabolite 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). After dissociation of heat shock proteins (hsp) the receptor enters the nucleus via an intrinsic nuclear
localization signal. Upon steroid hormone binding, which may occur either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus, the androgen receptor binds as dimers to
specific DNA elements present as enhancers in upstream promoter sequences of androgen target genes. Direct and indirect communication of the
androgen receptor complex with the several components of the transcription machinery (e.g. RNA-polymerase II [RNA-Pol II], TATA box binding protein
[TBP], TBP associating factors [TAF's], general transcription factors [GTF's]) are key events in signal transduction. This communication via socalled
coactivators triggers mRNA synthesis and consequently protein synthesis, which finally results in an androgen response. A non-genomic pathway involving
Dentro do oviduto ocorre o processo de capacitao. Uma das protenas que forma a
zona pelucida (ZP3) espcie especfica e serve como ligante para o espermatozide,
sendo responsvel pela reao do acrosoma na capacitao.
Capacitao um processo de ativao que envolve um aumento na atividade flagelar
e
modificaes bioqumicas e estruturais na membrana da cabea do espermatozide,
preparando para a reao do acrosoma.
Acrosoma uma vescula membranosa posicionada na ponta da cabea do esperma,
preenchida com vrias enzimas hidrolticas. O contato da cabea do esperma com a
zona pelcida inicia a fuso da membrana acrosomal com a membrana plasmtica do
esperma, provocando a liberao de enzimas que digerem uma via atravs da zona
pelcida, por onde o esperma chega at o ocito.