Types & methods & equipment

Primary

well control
Secondary well control
Tertiary well control

By maintaining hydrostatic pressure (Ph) in the

wellbore greater than formation pressure (Pf) but
NEVER exceed the fracture pressure

Using blow out preventors (BOPS)

We use the BOPs at the blowout well and begin our

plan which is drilling RELIEF WELLS at specific
distance from the blowout well

kick : A Kick is the Undesired Flow of Formation Fluids Into

the Wellbore

Blowout: is the Undesired Flow of Formation Fluids Into

the surface

 Improper

monitor of pipe movements

(drilling assembly and Casing )

Trip

out and trip in

Swabbing

Lost

during pipe movements

of circulation

Insufficient

formation )

mud weight ( abnormal pressure

Field history & drilling experience

primary : it mean that the well has already got a

kick (the formation fluid is in the wellbore)

secondary : means that the well may or may not

be under balance (check for flow )

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.

mud pit gain or loss

Increase in mud return rate
Temperature Increase
Change in flow line temperature
Variation in pump speed & standpipe pressure
Swabbing
Hole fill volumes
Mud density reduction
Cuttings size & sh
Increase in rate of penetration ( ROP)
Drilled
Increase cutting size and shape
Increase torque & drag
Drilling exponent

1.

2.
3.
4.

chloride change in mud ( delta chloride log )

Gas show
changing mud salinity & viscosity
Shale density
Normal Trend Line

9500
9600
9700
9800
9900
10000
10100
10200

Shale
Sand

Normal
Pressure

Shale
Sand

Shale

Sand

Increasing Shale Density

Increasing
Formation Fluid
Pressure

1.

The objective of various kill methods is to circulate

any invading fluid and circulate a satisfactory weight
of kill mud into the well
Drillers method

2.

Wait & weight method engineers method

3.

Concurrent method

Having all the information at hand, following parameters are

determined before attempting to circulate the kick :

The influx has to be removed from the annulus

kill Mud weight

pump strokes

Quantity of weighting material

initial circulation drillpipe pressure

final circulation drillpipe pressure

Drillpipe pressure reduction schedule (for wait-and-weight method).

The well is kept closed in while the pressures

stabilize.

When ready, the well is circulated with original

weight mud to remove the influx. Meanwhile kill
mud is prepared.

After completing the first circulation, kill mud is

circulated around to kill the well.

Gas2.swf

Gas3.swf

This method try to kill the well in one circulation

Mud is circulated out at the time the heavy mud is

pumped down the hole

As heavy mud pumped down to the bit ph increase till

it balances formation pressure

Gas4.swf

It kills the well in more than one Circulation may two

or three or more.

First circulation is not by the original mud weight

It depends on gradual increase in mud weight.

Every Circulation has its own initial & final circulation

pressure & its own step- by step pressure drop
schedule.

The well is Completely killed after last circulation

BOP stack comprise various types of preventer

elements as :

1.

Anuular preventer (bag type or spherical preventer)

1.

Ram preventer

Designed to stop flow from the well using a steelribbed packing element that contracts around the drill
pipe

Packer will conform to the shape of the pipe in the bore

hole

Have two opposing rubber packing elements that are

closed by moving them together

The main difference between it and annular one is that

designed for a certain type of pipe will work only on
that type of pipe

Have semi-circular openings that match the diameter of

the pipe being used

The number of pipe rams in the hole depend on the

different sizes of pipes in the hole

Designed to close off the hole when no pipe in the hole

If they are shut on drill pipe, they will flatten the pipe

Form of blind rams that are designed to cut drill pipe

when closed

last choice

Bop stack contain some mud access line and a drilling

spool for connection of choke and kill lines

Diverter system : which is low pressure system ,used

below annular preventer to allow the flow to be
directed a way from the rig and where casing pressure
cant contain shut-in pressure

Valves installed at the drill string to stop flow Kelly

cock valve

 Used

to control of the kick and kill fluids

during kill operations

Capable

of controlling the well using one of

several chokes and to divert flow to (reserve
pits , burn pits , degasser)