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Language
EXC 7130
Definition of Language
Theories of Language
Behavioristic: Skinner
Infant begins with no knowledge of language, but
possesses ability to learn it through reinforcement
and imitation
Interactionistic: Piaget
Language occurs through fixed developmental
stages
Form
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Content
Semantics
Use
Pragmatics
Morphology
Semantics
Phonology
Phonological Deficits
Morphology
Morphological Deficits
Syntax
Study of the rules by which words are
organized into phrases or sentences in
a particular language.
Referred to as the grammar of the
language and allows for more complex
expression of thoughts and ideas by
making references to past and future
events.
Syntactic Deficits
Lack the length or syntactic complexity
(e.g., Where Daddy go?).
Problems comprehending sentences
that express relationship between direct
or indirect objects.
Difficulty with wh questions.
Semantics
The larger meaning component of
language.
More than single words, includes
complex use of vocabulary, including
structures such as word categories,
word relationships, synonyms,
antonyms, figurative language,
ambiguities, and absurdities.
Semantic Deficits
Pragmatics
Knowledge and ability to use language
functionally in social or interactive
situations.
Integrates all the other language skills,
but also requires knowledge and use of
rule governing the use of language in
social context.
Pragmatic Deficits
Problems understanding indirect
requests (e.g., may say yes when asked
Must you play the piano?).
May enter conversations in a socially
unacceptable fashion or fail to take
turns talking.
Difficulty staying on topic.
Elementary Students
Secondary Students
Screening Tests
Provides general overview in particular area can
norm referenced.
Diagnostic Tests
Measure one or more specific language
components. See Table 6.3
Informal Assessment
Often used to affirm or refute the results
of formal measures.
Determine specific instructional
objectives.
Use large sample of items and repeated
opportunities for observations.