Cartography

Vladana Banaevi
Luka Korica
II9

Cartography
Is the study and practice of making maps.

Represents the terrain of the mapped object on

flat media. This is the concern of map projections.
Set the map's agenda and select traits of the
object to be mapped. Traits may be physical, such
as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such
as toponyms or political boundaries.

Geographic coordinate system

Its used to determine the exact location on the
Earth.
We use both longitude and latitude to determine
every location on the Earth
There is no place without longitude and latitude.
In order to determine coordinates of a point we
can use a map or a GPS system

Latitude

Measure distance north or south of the equator

Also known as parallels
Run in the west-east direction
Cross the prime meridian at the right
angles
The largest parallel is the equator
Arctic Circle

66 33 39 N

Tropic of Cancer

23 26 21 N

Tropic of
Capricorn

23 26 21 S

Antarctic Circle

66 33 39" S

Longitude
Measure distance east or west of the prime
meridian
Also known as meridians
Run in the north-south direction
Cross the equator at the right
angles
Are equal in length and are
also halves of large circles

Map projection
Map projection is a systematic transformation of
the latitudes and longitudes of locations on the
surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into locations
on a plane. Map projections are necessary for
creating maps.
All map projections distort the surface in some
fashion.

Cylindrical projection
Meridians are mapped to equally spaced vertical
lines and circles of latitude (parallels) are
mapped to horizontal lines.
Great distortion in high latitudes. (Grenland look
bigger than it really is)

Conical projection
The projection seats a cone over the sphere of
the Earth and projects the surface onto the cone
While coming closer to the equator the
distortion increases.

Planar projection
A planar projection is a type of map in which the
details of the globe are projected onto a plane (a
flat surface) yielding a rectangular-shaped map.
Cylindrical maps have a lot of distortion towards
the edges.

Different types of maps

Simply defined maps are pictures of the Earth's
surface
They can be general reference and show
landforms, political boundaries, water, the
locations of cities, or in the case of thematic
maps, show different but very specific topics

Political Map
Does not show any topographic features.
Focuses solely on the state and national
boundaries of a place.

Physical map
Shows the physical landscape features of a place.
Mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, oceans.

Topographic map
Similar to a physical map but they are different
however because they use contour lines instead
of colors to show changes in the landscape.

Climate map
Shows information about the climate of an area.
specific climatic zones, the amount of snow,
annual average temperature.

Road map
One of the most widely used map types
They show major and minor highways and roads
(depending on detail) as well as things like
airports, city locations and points of interest

Economic or Resource Map

Specific type of economic activity or natural
resources present in an area.

Thematic map
Focuses on a particular theme or special topic

Cartographic
Symbols
Used on a map to
indicate an object
or characteristic
in the real world.

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTTION!!