Next Generation

Networks

Presented By -



Syndicate 6
What is NGN ?

 A term used for emerging computer network architectures

and technologies.

 The general idea is that one network transports all

information and services (voice, data, video) by
encapsulating these into packets on Internet
technologies

 It is generally the convergence of infrastructure and

services, with IP being the fundamental technology.


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Contd.

§ NGN blends the PSTN and PSDN creating a single

multiservice network.

§ The result is a distributed network infrastructure that

reduces the cost of market entry, increase flexibility,
and accommodate both circuit-switched voice and
packet-switched data.


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Definition according to ITU-T

§ Next Generation Network is a packet-based network able

to provide services including telecommunication
services and able to make use of multiple broadband,
QOS- enabled transport technologies and in which
service-related functions are independent from
underlying transport-related technologies.

§ It offers unrestricted access by users to different service

providers.


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Current Scenario

 Today’s network is divided into two elements: the

PSTN and the PSDN.

 The PSTN consists of large, centralised, switches
with remote switching modules and digital loop
carriers.

 The PSDN consists of network points of presence and
remote access devices which is growing at a
dramatic rate. The growth of the PSDN is driven
by the Internet, intranets, VPN’s and remote
access.

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Architectural Changes

 NGN implies a consolidation of several transport

networks each historically built for a different
service into one core transport network (often
based on IP and Ethernet).


 It implies the migration of voice from PSTN to VoIP


 In the wired access network, NGN implies the
migration from voice to xDSL setup in the local
exchanges to a converged setup allowing to remove
the voice switching infrastructure
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 Need For NGN Network

§ Multi-Network approach resulted in

– Management complexity
– Operational inefficiencies
– Smaller economies of scale
– Maintenance issues
– Duplicated capex

§ What’s going to be different in NGN

– Different transport networks (eg. ATM, Frame Relay, X.25,
ISDN) replaced by a single IP transport network
– A unified license operator could use the same transport (IP)
network for its fixed voice, mobile telephony, broadband
and corporate business services


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Drivers for NGN deployment

§ Better financial performance

– Revenue growth
– Margin protection
– Reduced OPEX and CAPEX

§ Operational issues
– Modernization
– Reliability, resilience and quality
– Capacity and scalability
– Simpler and faster provision of service

§ Competitive issues
– Market share growth and protection
– Convergence of voice, data and IT enables provision of new
offerings in packages

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Contd.

§ Savings in CAPEX and OPEX

– Network consolidation requires less physical assets (e.g. real
estate, about 40% savings)
– Fewer network elements and interfaces required
– Standardization of NGN networking equipment triggers
competition and consequently fall of prices.
– Economies coming from IP
– Network management (savings about 30%)
– Personnel (savings around 30-40%)
– IT costs (savings around 40%)
– Power consumption (savings around 40%)

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 Next Generation Networks –
Technology

Present Day Networks Next Generation Networks

( NGN )

Internet
W o rk s t a t io n

W o rk s t a t io n

Integrated
Services
Gateways
Over IP
POTS

Evolving towards All IP Communications

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NGN Architecture

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NGN PLANES

§ Service plane offers elementary service functions

that can be used by service providers to build
more complex or comprehensive services

§ Control plane includes both service control and

network control elements

§ Transport plane provides transport between network

nodes to which the access networks are
connected

§ Access plane provides the access between the end-

user and the transport network

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Main Components in NGN

§ Soft switch component is responsible for monitoring

and controlling all the other elements in NGN

§ Media Gateway acts as a translation unit between

disparate telecommunications networks such as
PSTN

§ Media Gateway Controller is responsible for tracking,

allocating and billing for resources.

§ Signaling Gateway is a network component solely

responsible for translating signaling messages

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Advantages of NGN

q Advantages for subscribers

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Types of Convergence

§ PSTN/ISDN convergence with IP based networks.

§ Fixed – Mobile convergence (FMC).

§ Broadcast (Cable) – Telecommunications convergence.

§ Web based services convergence

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IMS- IP Multimedia Subsystem

§ IMS is a standardised NGN architecture, it is not a service

but a framework.
§ Aims at merging Internet and cellular worlds.
§ Based on Internet Protocol.
§ It supports both circuit switched and packet switched
networks.
§ It supports network convergence
§ It supports interoperability
§ Functional architecture for multimedia service delivery.
§ Uses SIP as the main signaling protocol
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Power of IMS

 Imagine starting a voice call on you home phone and

transferring it seamlessly to your mobile as you
drive to work.
 Imagine sending a multimedia message from your car
that later appears on your TV screen.
 Imagine that all of the above can be done with a single
account, on a single log-in with multiple devices
over any number of access networks
 These are only a few examples of seamless
multimedia services that IMS will allow users to
access “anywhere” at “anytime”

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IMS Functional Elements

§ Session Management (SIP)

§ Routing

§ Databases

§ Network Interoperability Elements

§ Services and Support Components

§ Charging Components
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 IMS Architecture

… …
APPLICATION

SESSION

ENDPOINTS

Converged services providers can build and launch

services faster , efficiently adapting to market
changes
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IMS Architecture

§ The services architecture is a collection of logical

functions, which can be divided into three layers:


Ø Transport and Endpoint Layer

Ø Session Control Layer
Ø Application Server Layer

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Transport and Endpoint
Layer

§ The transport and endpoint layer initiates and terminates

SIP signaling to set up sessions and provide bearer
services such as conversion of voice from analog or
digital formats to IP packets using Realtime Transport
Protocol(RTP).


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Session Control Layer

§ The session control layer contains the Call Session

Control Function (CSCF) which provides the registration
of the endpoints and routing of the SIP signaling
messages to the appropriate application server.


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Application Server Layer

§ The application server layer contains the application

servers, which provide the end-user service logic

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Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

§ Presence, Location and Profile

§ End-User Identity

§ Private and Public End-User Information

§ Registration Information

§ Service Initiation Information

§ Subscriber Service Profile (SSP)

– Downloaded to CSCF at Registration

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Application Server (AS)

§ Contains Call Related Application Logic

§ Facilitates a Service Creation Environment

§ Queried by S-CSCF in Real Time to Execute Logic

§ Generally Specialized for Each Service

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Call/Session Control Function
(CSCF)

§ CSCF – Processes SIP Signaling

§ P-CSCF(PROXY)
– First Point of User Contact
– Authenticates user
– May Include Policy Functions
§ S-CSCF(SERVING)
– Central Node of Control Plane
– Acts as Registrar for User
– Invokes Application Servers
– Performs Primary Routing Function
§ I-CSCF(INTERROGATING)
– Located at Edge of Administrative Domain
– Shields Network Topology from External Networks
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
Session Initiation Protocol

§ SIP is a protocol developed by the IETF MMUSIC

Working Group and proposed standard for initiating,
modifying, and terminating an interactive user session
that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice,
instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality.
§ Its job is to initiate communication between two devices,
and once that communication is set up, SIP backs out
and RTP takes over.
§ The SIP protocol is a TCP/IP-based Application Layer
protocol. SIP is designed to be independent of the
underlying transport layer; it can run on Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
or Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).

§
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Session Initiation Protocol

§ It is one of the leading signaling protocols for Voice over

IP, along with H.323.
§ A goal for SIP is to provide a superset of the call
processing functions and features present in the public
switched telephone network (PSTN).
§ SIP also implements many of the more advanced call
processing features present in Signaling System 7
(SS7)
§ SIP is a peer-to-peer protocol. As such it requires only a
very simple (and thus highly scalable) core network with
intelligence distributed to the network edge, embedded
in endpoints.
§ In November 2000, SIP was accepted as a 3GPP
signaling protocol and permanent element of the IMS
architecture. 28
Session Initiation Protocol

§ Each resource of a SIP network, such as a User Agent or

a voicemail box, is identified by a Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI), based on the general standard syntax
also used in Web services and e-mail. A typical SIP URI
is of the form:
 sip:username:password@host:port

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SIP-How Does it Work?

§ SIP provides connectivity and access. It enables

communications between two SIP devices on a peer-to
peer basis, and acts as a client server by allowing SIP
end users, called user agents (UA) to act as clients
when initiating a request, or as servers when
responding to a request.
§ On a peer-to-peer basis, SIP makes an invitation, which is
either acknowledged or cancelled. Once the set up is
complete, the Real Time Protocol (RTP) takes over to
provide the actual communications. When the call is
completed, the user hangs up and the SIP “Bye”
message is sent out to end the session

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SIP-How Does it Work?

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Soft Switch

§ A softswitch is a central device in a telecommunications

network which connects calls from one phone line to
another, entirely by means of software running on a
computer system. This work was formerly carried out by
hardware, with physical switchboards to route the calls.
§ A softswitch is typically used to control connections at the
junction point between circuit and packet networks.
§ A single device containing both the switching logic and the
switching fabric can be used for this purpose; however,
modern technology has led to a preference for
decomposing this device into a Call Agent and a Media
Gateway

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Soft Switch

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Call Agent

§ The Call Agent takes care of functions like billing, call

routing, signalling, call services and so on and is the
'brains' of the outfit. A Call Agent may control several
different Media Gateways in geographically dispersed
areas over a TCP/IP link

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Media Gateway

§ The Media Gateway connects different types of digital

media stream together to create an end-to-end path for
the media (voice and data) in the call. It may have
interfaces to connect to traditional PSTN networks
like DS1 or DS3 ports (E1 or STM1 in the case of non-
US networks), it may have interfaces to connect
to ATM and IP networks and in the modern system will
have Ethernet interfaces to connect VoIP calls. The call
agent will instruct the media gateway to connect media
streams between these interfaces to connect the call -
all transparently to the end-users.

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Snapshot of NGN services
§ Voice telephony
§ Data and multimedia services
§ VPN
§ Public network computing
§ Unified Messaging
§ E-learning
§ E-commerce, M-commerce
§ Multimedia conferences, PTT over NGN
§ Interactive gaming
§ Distributed virtual reality
§ TV and radio broadcast, video streaming, etc.
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British Telecom (BT)

§ UK based, founded in 1981

§ Headquarters in London

§ Operations in more than 170 countries

§ Revenues in excess of £ 21 Billions

§ UK’s no. 1 retail broadband provider, market share of over

33%

§ Need for strategic investment to maintain the market

leader position

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 BT’s objectives

Speed toCustomer Experience empowerment

Market

Cost
Transformation

“In communications, you either innovate and invest…..

or die”
- Paul Reynolds, CEO
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BT 21CN

§ 21 Century Network (21CN) program

§ Network transformation project for BT
§ One of the world’s largest NGN migrations
§ Migration to NGN
§ Completion by 2011
§ Over 50% migration in 2009
§ Annual savings estimate > £ 1 Billion
§ Total investment of £ 10-12 Billions
§ Aims to replace BT’s existing network platforms with a single
unified IP platform
§ 144,000 lines to be covered every week
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Traditional BT Network

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Traditional BT Network

§ Supports hugely complex legacy product portfolio

§ Expensive to run and operate

§ Difficult to manage

§ Separate backbone

§ Difficult to rollout newer services

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Single IP Architecture

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Single IP Architecture

§ Any service over a single IP transport network

§ Reduced OPEX and operation costs

§ Single backbone

§ Easy to rollout new ‘bandwidth hungry’ services

§ Reduced planning cycles

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Advantages of 21CN

§ Security
§ Collaboration
§ Mobility
§ Operational Risk Management
§ Sustainability
§ Software as a service (SaaS)
§ Virtual data centers
§ Ecosystems
§ Business process utility
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21CN - Guide

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What does 21CN mean for
UK’s customers

§ Advanced communication network

§ Convergence
§ Biggest ever investment in telecom infrastructure by a
private sector company
§ Empowers the customers with control, choice and
flexibility
§ Ability to amend and change service parameters in real
time (customization)
§ Capability to access services from anywhere on any type
of device

§
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NGN: Regulatory Challenges

§ NGN requires creation of incentives to invest (for both new

entrants and incumbents)
– NGN is still seen as risky investment
– With unreliable returns on investment, fewer investments will be
made.
– NGN still requires high R&D expenditures that nowadays are mostly
covered by hardware vendors
– Regulatory uncertainty negatively impacts NGN expansion

§
§ NGN strengths competition, but….
– NGN creates new entrance opportunities for operating companies
as well as newcomers
– NGN creates new markets and reinforce position of some market
players
– Significant market power approach and promotion of fair
competition; new definition of relevant markets
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
NGN: Regulatory Challenges

§ NGN requires broad debate on interconnection and

pricing


– Confrontation of two models

—A gradual phasing out of circuit-switched networks
and the introduction of packet-based equipment is
seen, we expect that the transition will require
additional capex funding.


– Cost models: Will it be possible to separate connectivity

and services?
- Operators are aiming for NGNs to be no more
than a complete re-building of PSTN on top of
a new IP sub-structure
- Business models may not be changed

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NGN deployment in India

§ BSNL
 Currently working on a project involving 200k ports working with
ZTE, ITI and UTStarcom.


§ MTNL
 First mainstream carrier in India to start an NGN voice project.
 Implementation under progress for 50k ports.


§ Bharti Airtel
 Launched NGN project in 2007, announced another project in
2008 for 2 million ports.
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NGN deployment in India

§ Reliance Communication
 Limited deployment via vendors (mainly Alcatel-
Lucent).


§ Tata Teleservices
 Deployment project for 1.2 million ports underway

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 Projections for NGN growth in
India

Reference: www.ilocus.com 51
T HANK YOU