UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Supervisor
Assoc. Prof. Aziruddin Ressang
Presented by
Nor Haslinda Abas
MA071136

Introduction

- Problem Statement
- Aims and Objectives
- Scope of Project
Methodology
Analysis of Results
and Discussion

Conclusion and
Recommendation

Construction industry in
undeniably is the most
hazardous industry in
Malaysia.

SOCSO report (2000)

Fatality rate more than 3
times of all workplaces
(3.3% compared to all
workplaces of 1.1%).

It is a duty of all employers to provide safety and

health environment at work place as highlighted in the
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 Section 15
(1) and (2).

The safety cost is one of the factors affecting the safety

standard at construction sites.

The assessment of safety cost for scaffolding that

meet safety requirements need to be addressed in
order for contractors to provide good safety practice
at construction site.

However, most of the contractors are unaware

about how much the safety progress in scaffolding
cost and how it affects the project budget. Lack of
knowledge about cost of safety and its portion of
the project budget may have significant impact on
the profit margin and may increase the risk of
financial difficulties.

Focused on safety cost in

scaffolding works specific in
building construction.

The study will be limited

to the site work of
provide scaffolding
works in Johor and
Kuala Lumpur.

FIRST STAGE:
Identification of research topic and scope of study

SECOND STAGE:
Information and Data collection

THIRD STAGE:
Analysis and Discussion
Figure 1: Methodology of the study

IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH TOPIC

AND SCOPE OF STUDY

INFORMATION AND DATA COLLECTION

Malaysian enacted acts, regulations, books and journals, and

interviews with scaffolding instructor from CIDB in order to
identify the safety and health requirements in the scaffolding
works.
DOCUMENTS
Interview was also done with DOSH Federal Territorys Officer
STUDY
to verify the requirements compiled.

In order to get the appropriate proportion of cost,

questionnaires have been distributed to five construction
projects with variety project cost. The results obtained in this
preliminary survey were used to determine the most
PILOT STUDY
appropriate percentage of cost choices. The finalized
questionnaire is then used to execute the survey.

INFORMATION AND DATA COLLECTION

QUESTIONNAIRES

Interviews using structured questions to identify

the safety cost portion of project budget based on
respondents experiences. T
hey were required to determine the cost of every
elements of safety requirements in scaffolding
works by choosing the most appropriate answer of
four ranging cost given in the questionnaire,
described as 1) 0 0.2%; 2) 0.2 0.5%; 3) 0.5 1 %;
and 4) more than 1%.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION

1. Designated Person
i. Safety officer
ii. Safety supervisor
iii. Scaffolding inspector
2. Documentation
i. Safety policy
ii. Safety and health manual
3. Safety and Health Committee
i. Meeting
ii. NADOPOD
iii. Safety handbook
iv. Training
4. Inspection/Investigation
i. Safety audit/inspection
ii. Accident/incident investigation
5. Design of Scaffold
i. Design and approved by P.E

6. Scaffolding Works
i. Supply, erect and dismantle of scaffolding
ii. Safety appliances netting, barricade,
catch platform, temporary overhead
protection and lighting.
iii. Training

7. PPE
i. Safety helmet
ii. Safety boot/shoe
iii. Gloves
iv. Goggles
v. Safety harness
8. Signage, Tools and Equipments
i. Safety signs
ii. Safety barrier
iii. First aid box
iv. Housekeeping

Documentation
Inspection/
Investigation

Safety & Health

Committee

PPE

Designated person

Figure 2 : : Respondents Response on Safety and Health Requirements as Percentage of

Total Project Cost

Design of
scaffolding

Tools,
Equipment, etc

Scaffolding Works

Figure 2 : : Respondents Response on Safety and Health Requirements as Percentage of

Total Project Cost

Majority of respondents agreed that

safety cost allocated in those
requirements were not more than 0.2%
for each elements.

Figure 2 : : Respondents Response on Safety and Health Requirements as Percentage of

Total Project Cost

- From the figure,

all respondents agreed
that the cost of these
requirements: Designated
Person; Documentation;
Safety and Health
Committee; Inspection /
Investigation; and
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE); and all
their breakdowns were
not more than 0.2% for
each elements.

- The cost for these

requirements: Design of
Scaffolding; Scaffolding
Works; and Signage, Tools
and Equipments; and their
entire breakdowns were
seemed to be varies from
range 0 - 0.2%, 0 - 0.5%
and more than 1%.

- However, majority of
respondents has
responded that the safety
cost allocated in those
requirements were not
more than 0.2% for each
elements.

Figure 3: Weighted Score of Safety Cost in Scaffolding Works from Project Cost (in Percentage)

Safety cost model for scaffolding work

= 0.6+0.4+0.8+0.26+1.856+1+0.884 = 6.28%

Percentage of Safety Cost Portion in Scaffolding Works

Designated Person

14%
16%

10%

Documentation

7%

Safety and Health

Committee
Inspection/Investigation

13%

Design of Scaffold

30%

6%
4%

Scaffolding Works
PPE
Signage, Tools, Equipments

Figure 4 : Percentage of Safety Cost Requirements in Scaffolding Works

requirements in
scaffolding works have
been identified.
- The requirements can be
categorized into 8 groups
where each group
consists of breakdown
elements. The safety cost
of scaffolding works is
identified based on these
breakdowns.

OBJECTIVE 2

OBJECTIVE 1

- The safety and health

- From the survey and

analysis, most of the
requirements were
allocated not more than
0.2%, where several of them
allocated not more than
0.5% and more than 1%.
- The reason of this to occur
is because the contractors
do not keep the actual cost
for erecting scaffolding for
all projects. In addition, all
projects do not keep
apportion of safety cost for
erecting scaffolding.

OBJECTIVE 3

- From analysis,
the cost for
scaffolding works
in building
construction is
not more than
6.2% of total
project cost.