Understanding DWDM

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Traffic - The Future!

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The Optical Layer as the new mux

fabric

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new layer is born: the Optical Layer

WDM multiplexing technology:

The basis for Optical Networking

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Future Broadband Network Layers

Broadband Applications
IP
ATM
SDH / SONET
Photoniclayer: WDM
New proposals
The mainstream view

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Page 6

Geographical Distribution of
DWDM Technology 1996/1997

Japan/Pac Rim
8%

ROW
0%

Europe
18%

USA
74%

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Geographical Distribution of
DWDM Technology 2001/2002

ROW
Japan/Pac Rim

7%

14%

USA
54%
Europe
25%

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1310 nm/1550 nm TDM point-topoint connections

with opto-electrical regenerators

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Classic WDM point-to-point

connection
with opto-electrical regenerators

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TDM point-to-point connections

with optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs)

OFA basics

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Transmission of multiple channels

using WDM systems
with 8, 16, 32, ... channels (multiplexing
of 2.5 Gbit/s signals)

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Page 12

DWDM test parameters

Power levels of the individual carriers

to ensure even power distribution over the entire bandwidth
to notice immediately whether any channels have dropped out

Channel wavelength / Channel spacing

to indicate possible wavelength shifts for individual laser sources

Signal-to-noise ratio
to ensure that error-free transmission is possible in each data channel

Overall power
to check the optical fiber amplifiers of the system
to check against safety limit of currently +17 dBm

Crosstalk
to provide a quality indication for the system components (couplers,
...)

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DWDM spectrum and

corresponding test parameters

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DWDM measurements with an

optical spectrum analyzer

TX

RX

...
1

TX

RX
W
D
M

TX

OFA

W
D
M

OFA

RX

...
1

TX

RX

S ta r t
S to p
M a in
Set
?

F
W
W

A
N
W

b D
GE
a

Ae
a

V
T
n

r
O
n

N
A

TO

W
d

O
e

C
T
e

X
- R 1
l

E
K0
&

D
T

&

E
G

S
o

T
o

lt

E
t e

R
r

OSA-155

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OFA monitor output: 8 data signals and

ASE spurious spectrum

S ta r t
S to p
M a in
Set
?

F
W
W

A
N
W

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Ae

b D
GE
a

V
T
n

r
O
n

NA

TO

F
d

O
e

C
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e

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- R 1
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K0
&

D
T

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G

S
o

T
o

lt

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e

R
r

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DWDM system with the recommended

reference test points
from ITU-T Rec. G.692

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100 GHz channel grid in the range 1530

to 1565 nm from ITU-T Rec. G.692

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Possible system wavelengths in

the ITU-T 100 GHz channel grid

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Optical add/drop multiplexing

principleand monitoring of system
parameters

...
1

OFA

...

RX

OFA

M
n

RX

TX

...

TX

S ta r t
S to p
M a in
Set
?

F
W
W

A
N
W

b D
G E
a

Ae
a

V
T
n

r
O
n

NA

TO

W
d

O
e

C
T
e

X
R 1
l

E
K0
&

OSA-155

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D
T

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E
G

Optical add/drop multiplexing

principle and monitoring of
system parameters

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4-channel DWDM signal with

characteristic noise floors
and ASE spurious spectrum

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Page 26

Superimposition of the actual data signal and

accumulated noise
and incorrect interpretation of S/N
measurements

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Page 27

Quality monitoring in DWDM

systems

TX

RX

...
1

TX

RX
W
D
M

TX

OFA

W
D
M

OFA

RX

...

TX

RX

S ta r t
S to p
M a in
Set
?

A
N
W

D
E

NA

V
T

W
n

-C
O

2
R

K
l

T
&

E
G

T
o

E
l

R
e

F
W
W

A
N
W

Ae

b D
GE
a

V
T
n

r
O
n

NA

O
O

F
d

C
T
e

X
- R 1
l

E
K0
&

D
T

&

E
G

S
o

T
o

l t

E
e

R
r

OSA-155
ANT-20

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Page 28

Cyclical recording and stability

measurement of
S ta r t
S to p
M a in

Channel-No.
Actual
Power / -stability
S/N / -stability

Set
?

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W

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S
o

T
o

Spectrum analysis and power leveladjustment

in DWDM systems
Due to the irregular gain/
wavelength response of
todays EDFAs cascading
of optical amplifiers
result
in power shifts !
To minimize crosstalk
effects ( Rx side) of each
DWDM channel power
equalization becomes
necessary.

S ta r t
S to p
M a in
Set
?

F
W
W

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A
N
W

Ae

b D
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S
o

T
o

Quality monitoring through

wavelength-selective bit error analysis
(automatic evaluation of bit error
histograms)

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Page 31

DWDM System Analyzer

OSA-155

TX

...
1

TX
W
D
M

TX

OFA

OFA

TX

New portable DWDM System Analyzer for 50

GHz/0.4 nm and higher spaced optical DWDM
systems with up to 256 channels

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Page 34

DWDM System Analyzer OSA-155

Complete Solution:
OSA-155
+ ANT-20
+ CATS Optics
OSA-155
WDM-channel-selector
for
in-depth system analysis

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Page 35