09-WCDMA Handover Principle

WCDMA Handover Principle and
Analysis
ISSUE 1.0
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved
Why
mobile
handover?
systems
need
It
is decided by the characters of

mobile system:
The mobility of UE
The mobile system is composed by
cells which the coverage ability is
limited.
Providing the continuous service in
mobile system is the basic element in
QoS.
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Object
Upon completion this course, you will

be able to:
The basic definitions of Handover
The algorithms
decision
The handover flow
The parameters of handover
Internal Use
of
handover
Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover
Chapter 3 The Basic Handovers
Chapter 4 Blind Handover and
Direct Retry Algorithm
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The Purpose of Handover
Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic

element in QoS.
The load balance: sharing the resource
The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high efficiency of using

resource
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The Basic Concepts of Handover
Active Set
Monitored Set
Detected set
Event reporting
Event reporting to Periodic reporting
Periodic reporting
Radio Link (RL)
Radio Link Set (RLS)
Combination way:
maximum ratio combination
selection combination
The soft handover gain
CPICH
Soft handover, softer handover, hard handover
Blind handover
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The Categories of Handover
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According to the signaling characters:

Soft handover (softer handover)
Hard handover
According to the properties of source cell and target cell
Intra-frequency handover
Inter-frequency handover
Inter-mode handover (FDD <-> TDD)
Inter-system handover (UMTS <-> GSM/CDMA2000)
According to the purpose of handover
Based on Coverage
Based on Load (Optional)
Based on mobility of UE (Optional)
Based on Service (Optional)
The Characters of Different Handovers

Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:
Item
Soft Handover
Hard Handover
The numbers of RL Several

in active set after
handover
One
Interruption during
handover
No
Yes
The frequencies of
cells
Only happened
in Intrafrequency cells
Can be happened in
Intra-frequency cells or
Inter-frequency cells
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The Characters of Different Handovers

Comparison between soft handover and softer handover:
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During softer handover, the uplink signaling are

combined in NodeB by maximum ratio combination, but
during soft handover they are combined in RNC by
selection combination.
Compare to later one, the maximum ration combination
can get more gain. So the performance of maximum
ration combination is better.
Since softer handover is completed in NodeB, it do not
consume transport resource of Iub.
Soft Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
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NodeB 2
Softer Handover
RNC (WFMR)
NodeB
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Hard Handover
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Three Steps of Handover
Measurement
Execute
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Decision
Measurement
Measurement control
Measurement execution and
the result processing
The measurement report
Mainly accomplished by UE
Decision
Based on Measurement
The
application
and
distribution of resource
Mainly
accomplished by
RRM in RNC
Execution
The process of signaling
Support the failure drawback
Measurement control refresh
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Questions
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The differences among Soft handover,

softer handover and hard handover
Typical application scenarios
13
Summary
This chapter focus on the purpose of handovers and the

categories of handover in WCDMA.
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Section 1 Measurement control and
measurement report
Section 2 The basic definitions of measurement
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement event
Section 4 Inter-frequency and
inter-system measurement event
Section 5 UE internal measurement
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Measurement Control and Measurement

Report
Measurement Control
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Measurement Control, normal case
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Measurement Control and Measurement

Report
Measurement report
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Measurement report, normal case
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measurement report
Section 2 The basic concepts of measurement
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement event
inter-system measurement event
Section 5 UE Internal Measurement
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The Basic Concepts of Measurement
The measurement values of Handover

Intra-frequency and inter-frequency: CPICH RSCP CPICH
Ec/N0Path loss
Inter-frequencyCPICH RSCPCPICH Ec/N0
Inter-systemGSM Carrier RSSI BSIC Identification BSIC
Reconfirmation
The reporting methods of measurement
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
The events of reporting
Intra-frequency events1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1F
Inter-frequency events 2D,2F,2B,2C
Inter-system events 3A,3C
Others6G,6F
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Measurement Model
parameters
Layer 1
filtering
Layer 3
filtering
parameters
C
C'
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Evaluation
of reporting
criteria
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Reporting Criterion
Reporting
Criterion
Decision formula: for example, 1A event :
1.Path Loss
10 LogM New
NA
W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),

i 1
2.Other measurement
NA
10 LogM New W 10 Log M i
i 1
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(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),
Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time

to trigger
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Key Parameters
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measurement report
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement events
inter-system measurement events
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Intra-frequency Measurement Events
All intra-frequency measurement report events are identified with

1X :
1AA primary pilot channel enters the reporting range. When
the active set of UE is full, UE stops reporting 1A event;
1BA primary pilot channel leaves the reporting range;
1CThe primary pilot channel in a non active set is better than
the primary pilot channel in an active set;
1DThe best cell changes;
1EThe measurement value of a primary pilot channel exceeds
the absolute threshold
1F, The measurement value of a primary pilot channel is lower
than the absolute threshold
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measurement report
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Inter-frequency Measurement Events

Inter-frequency
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measurement events are identified with 2X
2A: The best frequency changes;

2B: The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than
a certain threshold, and that of the non-used frequency is higher
than a certain threshold;
2C: The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is higher
than a certain threshold;
2DThe estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a
certain threshold
2E:The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is lower
than a certain threshold
2F:The estimated quality value of the used frequency is higher than
a certain threshold
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Inter-system Measurement Events
Inter-system measurement events are identified with

3X
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3A:The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN frequency

is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the other system
is higher than a certain threshold;
3B: The estimated quality value of the other system is lower
than a certain threshold ;
3C: The estimated quality value of the other system is higher
than a certain threshold ;
3D: The best cell in the other system changes
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measurement report
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UE Internal Measurement
UE
Internal measurement events are identified with 6X
6G: The time difference between downlink receiving and

uplink transmission of the UE is shorter than an absolute
threshold;
6F: The time difference between downlink receiving and
uplink transmission of the UE is bigger than an absolute
threshold;
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Questions
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How many events are there in intra-frequency measurement?

What are they?
How many events are there in UE internal measurement?
How many events are there in inter-frequency measurement?
What are they?
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Summary
This chapter covers intra-frequency measurement, interfrequency measurement, inter-system measurement and UE
internal measurement from their definitions and application
scenarios.
Summary
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Section 1 Soft Handover
Section 2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover

Section 3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
Section 4 Inter-system Hard Handover
Section 5 HSDPA Handover
Section 6 Compressed Mode
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Brief Introduction of Soft Handover
Characters of Soft Handover

During handover, UE has several RLs with different cells---active set.
The handover among different cells which are in same RLS can
be softer handover.
Soft handover:
Selection combination in uplink
Maximum combination in downlink
Softer handover
Maximum combination in uplink and downlink
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Brief Introduction of Soft Handover
Advantages
Soft handover gain:
Multi-Cell gain: Multiple irrelated soft handover branches low
the required margin for fading
Macro Diversity Combining gain: Gain for the link
demodulation of the soft handover:
Load balance: Different cells receive the signals from UE in
uplink, which can decrease the transmission power of UE. And
UE receive signal from different cells, which also can decrease
the transmission power of base station.
Decrease the possibility of call drop caused by ping-pong
handover.
Disadvantages
More resource needed in downlink, especially for the code
resource of BE service.
Usually, the gain of downlink power is negative.
When the downlink power from different cells is not balanced, it
will bring side-effect.
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Measurement of Soft Handover
The measurement of soft handover/softer handover

Measurement valueCPICH RSCPCPICH Ec/NoPathloss
Process of MeasurementLayer 1 filter, Layer 2 filter
Reporting way
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
Event type1A1B1C1D1F
UE measures the time difference between CFN and SFN
Reporting rules: trigger condition, Relative threshold,
Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to trigger
Event reporting to periodic reporting
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The Events of Soft Handover Measurement
Soft/softer handover measurement events

Intra-frequency events reporting:
1A A primary pilot channel enters the reporting range.
When the active set of UE is full, UE stops reporting 1A event;
1BA primary pilot channel leaves the reporting range;
1CThe primary pilot channel in a non active set is better
than the primary pilot channel in an active set;
1DThe best cell changes;
1E The measurement value of a primary pilot channel
exceeds the absolute threshold
1F, The measurement value of a primary pilot channel is
lower than the absolute threshold
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The Decision Algorithm of Soft Handover
Soft/softer handover decision

1A add RL into active set
1B Delete RL from active set
1Creplace cell
1Dchange best cell
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The Execution of Soft Handover
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Soft handover execution

The update principal of measurement control
Configure the neighbor cells and the parameters
according to best cell
RLC mode
AM mode is used for measurement control
UM mode is used for measurement reporting
The compensation and restriction of soft handover
From event reporting to periodic reporting
Parametersthe time value for periodic reporting,
the number for reporting times
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Soft Handover Flow (add RL)
The execution of soft handover (add RL)
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Soft Handover Flow (del RL)
The execution of soft handover (del RL)
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Key Parameters
Relative threshold
Set 1A, 1B value separately
1A < 1Bwhich makes deleting RL is more difficult, and it can
avoid ping-pong handover
Usually 1A: 3dB; 1B: 6dB
Time to trigger
Each event can be set separately
Usually, 1B>1Awhich makes deleting RL is more difficult, and
it can avoid ping-pong handover
Usually, 1A: 320ms, 1B: 640ms
Layer 3 filter coefficient
Only one value for all intra-frequency measurement
Sensitive to the delay of event trigger and ping-pong handover
Usually3
absolute threshold of soft handover
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The Characters of Intra-frequency Hard Handover
Characters
UE only has one RL with one cell in the process of handover
Disconnect UE with the original cell, then hand it over to target
cell
The working frequency of source cell and target cell are same
Advantages
Enhance the using efficiency of the OVSF code and hardware
resource
Disadvantages
High call drop possibility because of the intra-frequency
interference
Application scenarios
Without Iur interface between two RNCs or the Iur interface jam
(only happened in inter-RNC handover)
The different strategies can be used for different conditions, such

as code resource condition, the QoS condition and so no.
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The Measurement, Decision and Execution of

Intra-frequency Hard Handover
Measurement
Similar to soft handover
Decision
1D event
Execution
UE reports CFN-SFN information
Synchronization hard handover
Use the original DOFF value
Continuous CFN
UE does not report CFN-SFN information
The hard handover based on timing
Re-configure DOFF
Calculate CFN according to DOFF
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Intra-frequency Hard Handover Flow
Intra-frequency hard handover flow

UE
Target
NODEB
Source
NODEB
SRNC
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST

2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP establish
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK
FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK
DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK
DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP release
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Key Parameters
Handover decision threshold based on BE speed

UE should do soft handover when the speed of BE service is
less than the threshold.
UE should do intra-frequency hard handover when the speed of
BE service is greater than the threshold.
The parameters about 1D event:
time to trigger hysteresis
The parameters should be set accord with the Qos
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The Brief Introduction of Inter-frequency

Hard Handover
Characters
Advantages
Compare to intra-frequency hard handover, the success

possibility is higher
The load balance among cells with different frequencies
Can realize the reasonable configuration for hierarchy cells
Disadvantages
The working frequency is different after handover

The compressed mode needed if the UE only has one receiver
Usually, the timing re-initiation hard handover is used for hard
handover
Compressed mode results in extra radio resource occupied

The timing re-initiation hard handover increase the time of
handover and the risk of call drop
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Disconnected coverage
Handover based on load
Hierarchy cells
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The Inter-frequency Hard Handover Measurement

Values and Events
The Inter-frequency hard handover measurement values

Measurement values:
CPICH RSCPCPICH Ec/N0
Different handover purpose for different measurement type:
In the edge of carrier coverage: CPICH RSCP
In the center of carrier coverage: CPICH Ec/No
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The Measurement Values and Events of Interfrequency Hard Handover
Measurement reporting
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
2A: The best frequency changes;
2B: The estimated quality value of the used frequency is
lower than a certain threshold, and that of the non-used
frequency is higher than a certain threshold;
2C: The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is
higher than a certain threshold;
2DThe estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower
than a certain threshold
2E:The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is
lower than a certain threshold
2F:The estimated quality value of the used frequency is
higher than a certain threshold
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Compressed Mode Initiation in Inter-frequency

Hard Handover
Conditions for measurement initiated

2D event can be used to enable the compressed mode
to perform inter-frequency measurement.
Enable inter-frequency measurement by moving speed
estimation algorithm
Conditions for Measurement stopping
2F event
After the best cell is changed, the cell does not contain
inter-frequency neighbor cells.
Inter-frequency measurement timer expired
Because the moving speed of UE is changed, the interfrequency handover measurement is stopped by cell
hierarchy algorithm.
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Cells Hierarchy Algorithm Based on UE

Moving Speed
When UE is in one of the hierarchy cells, the moving speed

estimation algorithm is initiated
Handover events in a while decides whether the speed of UE
satisfies the current cell hierarchy condition
UE is remained in the current cell if the speed is medium.
If the speed is very high, it will be handed over to higher
hierarchy cell. And if not, hand it over to lower hierarchy cell.
UEs moving speed decided the result.
If the hierarchy is configured by different frequencies, the
inter-frequency
blind
handover
or
inter-frequency
measurement handover can be initiated.
If the hierarchy is configured by one frequency, the intrafrequency handover can be initiated.
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Inter-frequency Hard Handover Decision

Algorithm
The inter-frequency hard handover decision

The coverage triggers the handover
2B event
the quality in the used frequency is lower than absolute
threshold, but the quality in another non-used frequency
is higher than another absolute threshold.
The load triggers handover
2C event
the quality in another frequency is higher than an
absolute threshold
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The Execution of Inter-frequency Hard Handover
The execution of Inter-frequency hard handover

UE report the timing information
UE with two receivers does not need compressed mode.
Using the original DOFF
Continued CFN
UE does not report timing information
UE with a single receiver has to initiate compressed mode
If the NodeB of target cell is not the same one which the cells
in active set belong to
the timing re-initiation hard handover
Re-configure DOFF
Calculate the CFN according to DOFF
If the NodeB of target cell is the same one which the cells in
active set belong to
Calculate the target cell timing relationship
Using the original DOFF
Continued CFN
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Inter-frequency Hard Handover Flow
Signaling flow
UE
Target
NODEB
Source
NODEB
SRNC
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST

2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP established
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK
FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK
DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK
DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP released
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Key Parameters (I)
Inter-frequency coverage handover parameters:

Inter-frequency measurement reporting: periodic reporting or
event reporting
Inter-frequency measurement values: CPICH Ec/No or CPICH
RSCP
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient, delay
trigger time and hysteresis
Inter-frequency initiated and stopped threshold: Considering the
different demands of CPICH Ec/No and CPICH RSCP for PS
domain and CS domain, the different 2D and 2F parameters are
configured.
Inter-frequency handover based on coverage: the quality
threshold of target cell
Using frequency quality threshold in inter-frequency hard
handover
The minimum access threshold for inter-frequency handover
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Key Parameters (II)
Inter-frequency handover parameters caused by noncoverage ability
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient, delay trigger

time and hysteresis
Inter-frequency handover based on non-coverage ability
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The Brief Introduction of Inter-system Hard

Handover
WCDMA FDD <>GSM
WCDMA FDD <>WCDMA TDD
WCDMA FDD <>CDMA2000
Characters
Different radio access technology is used after handover
Usually, compressed mode should be used to help the
measurement
Advantages
For coverage, it can solve the problems from one system
to another system
For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing efficiency of old
equipments(2G->3G)
Disadvantages
The flow is complicated, and it demands higher
compatibility for equipments
Demands more complicated UE
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The Measurement for Inter-system

Compressed Mode Initiated
The inter-system measurement (GSM measurement)

Measurement type:
GSM Carrier RSSI
BSIC Identification
BSIC Reconfirmation
The process of measurement: layer 1 filter, layer 3 filter
Event reporting
2D Event: initiate GSM measurement
2F Event: stop GSM measurement
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The Inter-system Hard Handover

Decision Algorithm
The inter-system hard handover decision

Inter-system handover caused by coverage
Event reporting:
3A event The estimated quality value of the used
UTRAN frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and
that of the other system is higher than a certain
threshold .
Periodic reporting:
Evaluation According to the periodic reported GSM
RSSI measurement value and the BSIC confirming state
of target cell of GSM system, and meanwhile the UE
evaluates the GSM RSSI of target cell is greater than the
absolute threshold, then consider the cell confirmed by
BSIC.
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The Inter-system Hard Handover

Decision Algorithm
The inter-system hard handover decision

Inter-system handover caused by non-coverage
Event reporting
3C event: The estimated quality value of the other
system is higher than a absolute threshold.
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Inter-system Handover Flow
The execution of inter-system handover

UE
Node B
SRNC
CN
1. Relocation
Required
6. Relocation
Command
MSC
2. Prepare
Handover
5. Prepare
Handover
Response
BSC
3. Handover
Request
4. Handover
Request Ack
7. DCCH : Handover
from UTRAN Command
8. Handover
Detect
9. Handover Complete
12. Iu Release
Command
13. Iu Release
Complete
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11. Send
End
Signal
Request
10. Handover
Complete
14. Send End

Signal Response
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Key Parameters (I)
Inter-system handover caused by coverage parameters

Inter-system measurement initiated and stopped threshold:
Considering the different demands of CPICH Ec/No and CPICH
RSCP for PS domain and CS domain, the different 2D and 2F
parameters are configured
Inter-system measurement values (2D, 2F)
CPICH Ec/No
CPICH RSCP
BSIC confirmed (Optional)
Inter-system handover caused by coverage parameters
configure the GSM RSSI threshold of CS domain and PS
domain separately
Using inter-system frequency quality handover threshold
Configure the delay trigger time, hysteresis for each event
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Key parameters (II)
Inter-system handover caused by non-coverage parameters

The period of inter-system measurement report
The decision threshold for inter-system handover: configure the
CS, PS, signaling separately
Time delay trigger : configure BSIC with acknowledged and
unacknowledged mode
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient and
hysteresis
Penalty time
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The Brief Introduction HSDPA Handover
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Application Scope
Related to the handover between the HS-DSCH channel
of HSDPA
The service cell update of HSDPA
HSDPA<>DCH
Purpose
the service which data rate satisfied the threshold of
HSDPA should use the HSDPA resource. To realize the
maximum traffic volume, the service cell with HS-DSCH
should be the best cell in the active set.
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HSDPA Measurement
HSDPA handover measurement

Measurement type: CPICH RSCPCPICH Ec/N0Path
loss
The process of measurement: layer 1 filter coefficient and
layer 3 filter coefficient
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
Reporting type: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D
The event reporting converted to periodic
reporting
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Service Cell Change Algorithm
Change the service cell for HS-PDSCH in active set

According to 1D event to decide the best cell, and hand it over
to the cell.
After handover, initiate the timer to forbid the ping-pong
handover
Change the service cell for HS-PDSCH after hard handover
Establish the HSDPA channel in target cell with hard handover
Establish DCH channel if the target cell can not support HSDPA
Change the service cell for HS-PDSCH during soft handover
The service should be handed over to the cell which support
HSDPA when the best cell does not support HSDPA and the
original service cell for HSDPA already deleted from active set.
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Direct Retry for HSDPA
Direct retry from R99 cell to R5 cell

Conditions
UE in cell 1 requests to establish an BE/streaming RAB, or
UE of Cell-FACH state has much BE/streaming data
volume to transfer (Switch channel type from FACH to HSDSCH)
Existing cells: support HSDPA, with same coverage area
Advantage: To make full use of HSDPA resource
Carrier A
Carrier B
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CELL2 R99
CELL 1
CELL A
R99
Direct retry
HSDPA
resource
R5
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Service Cell Update Flow
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Key Parameters
HSDPA handover protecting timer

Configure the T-HSDPA to avoid the influence for the data
service caused by the ping-pong handover. During this period,
the service cell for HSDPA can not be changed.
The value scope ( 0 1024) seconds
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The Purpose of Compressed mode
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Purpose
Measure the inter-frequency cell or inter-system cell under
FDD mode
Cause:
Downlink compressed:
Since one receiver only can work in one frequency, the
UE has to stop working if it is going to measure the signal
from another frequency cell. To ensure the downlink
service unaffected, the remained data should be sent in
the limited time.
Uplink compressed
UE should stop the uplink transmission when the uplink
working frequency is very close to the measured
frequency, for example GSM 1800/1900 is very close to
the UMTS FDD uplink working frequency.
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Compressed Mode Sketch Map
Compressed mode sketch map
One frame
(10 ms)
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Transmission gap available for

inter-frequency measurements
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The realization Methods of Compressed mode
Realization Methods
SF/2
Should use the replace scrambling code
Advantage: easy to handle for RNC
Disadvantage: occupied the resource of NodeB, decrease the
utilizing efficiency of OVSF, influenced the coverage and
increased interference caused by the replace scrambling code.
rate matching/puncturing
Decrease the coding redundancy
Advantage: easy to handle for RNC; the SF 4 can be used; no
influence to utilizing efficiency of OVSF
Disadvantage: limited to the property of channel coding;
decreased the coding gain
higher layer scheduling
MAC can restrict TFCS to change the downlink data rate.
Advantage: the interference is lower
Disadvantage: complicated for higher layer, only fit for nontiming data service.
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Questions
Internal Use
What are the differences between soft handover and softer

handover?
What is compressed mode?
Draw out the hard handover signaling flow.
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Summary
This chapter focus on the basic handovers in WCDMA: soft handover,

softer handover, intra-frequency hard handover, inter-frequency hard
handover and inter-system hard handover. It also introduced the
application scenarios for these different handovers
Meanwhile, compressed mode is introduced in this chapter
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Application scenarios and Trigger Conditions
RRC direct retry

During the initial signaling establishment, the RRC connection is
refused.
RRC redirection
The initial signaling is already established, but the requested
cell refused and RRC direct retry is failed.
RAB direct retry
The signaling is established successfully, but the service
establishment is failed.
Blind handover
Load balanced between inter-frequency cells
RRC direct retry
RAB direct retry
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RRC Direct Retry (I)
Application scenarios (I)

Same sector covered by different frequencies
cell1
1
cell2
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RRC Direct Retry (II)
Application scenarios (II)

The soft handover area
UE camping
cell1 first
cell1
cell2
2
1
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RRC Retry Key Parameters
DRMaxNumber
The maximum allowed retry times for the direct retry module
after the initial failure
CsThreshold.
When the signal quality of a cell is higher than this threshold,
this cell will be included in the direct retry candidate set.
MinSignalRequired
The basic access threshold described in Section 2.2.8,
namely the minimum requirement of the UE form the receiving
CPICH Ec/No density during normal demodulation.
MaxRelatingTime
The maximum time that the RACH measurement report can
continue to be used for the direct retry candidate set.
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RRC Redirection
The signaling connection is failed, and RRC retry is also failed.
GSM cell
Inter-freq cell
cell1
2
1
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RRC Direct Retry and Direction
The trigger condition should be the signaling permitting failure

if congestion happed, the RRC connection signaling is refused.
Advantages and disadvantages:
RRC direct retry can ensure the time delay.
RRC direction is more flexible, and can select to GSM cell. But
the time delay is longer.
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RAB Direct Retry
GSM CELL
4
UTRAN CELL
1
CN
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Signaling process
1 RAB Assignment (from CN)
2 SRNS relocation (to CN)
3 Handover from UTRAN ( Inform UE
access to GSM system)
4 Handover Complete (GSM message)
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Questions
Internal Use
What is the difference of RRC direct retry and RRC

redirection?
What are the trigger conditions for RRC direct retry and RRC
direction?
89
Summary
This chapter focus on RRC direct retry, RRC redirection, the

application scenarios of RAB direct retry and blind handover.
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09-WCDMA Handover Principle

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09-WCDMA Handover Principle

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WCDMA Handover Principle and

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

is decided by the characters of

Upon completion this course, you will

The basic definitions of Handover

The handover flow

The parameters of handover

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

The Purpose of Handover

Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic

The load balance: sharing the resource

The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high efficiency of using

The Basic Concepts of Handover

The Categories of Handover

According to the signaling characters:

The Characters of Different Handovers

The numbers of RL Several

The Characters of Different Handovers

During softer handover, the uplink signaling are

Three Steps of Handover

The differences among Soft handover,

This chapter focus on the purpose of handovers and the

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Measurement Control and Measurement

Measurement Control, normal case

Measurement Control and Measurement

Measurement report, normal case

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

The Basic Concepts of Measurement

The measurement values of Handover

W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),

(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),

Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Intra-frequency Measurement Events

All intra-frequency measurement report events are identified with

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Inter-frequency Measurement Events

measurement events are identified with 2X

2A: The best frequency changes;

Inter-system Measurement Events

Inter-system measurement events are identified with

3A:The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN frequency

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Internal measurement events are identified with 6X

6G: The time difference between downlink receiving and

How many events are there in intra-frequency measurement?

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 3 The Basic Handovers

Section 2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover

Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Characters of Soft Handover

Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Measurement of Soft Handover

The measurement of soft handover/softer handover

The Events of Soft Handover Measurement

Soft/softer handover measurement events

The Decision Algorithm of Soft Handover

Soft/softer handover decision

The Execution of Soft Handover

Soft handover execution