CONSTRUCTION

EQUIPMENTS

By :Aparajita Goyal
B.Arch 5th Year

ELECTRIC HAND TOOLS

ELECTRIC POWER DRILL

A SET OF HAND TOOLS INCLUDING

HAMMER , SPANNER , SCREWDRIVER
, PLAS

JIG SAW MACHINE

PUMPS

PUMPS

ROLLERS
A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or
just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used
to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and foundations.
In some parts of the world, road rollers are still known
colloquially as steam rollers, regardless of their method
of propulsion. This typically only applies to the largest
examples (used for road-making).
There are 2 types of configurations for the rollers such
as the
1. DRUM TYPE
2. ROLLER TYPE
Popular names are Caterpillar , Case , Hypac , Mikasa ,
Rex , Volvo , John Deere

STATIC SMOOTH DRUM ROLLER

VIBRATORY ROLLER

SINGLE DRUM ROAD

ROLLER

HYDRAULIC ROAD
ROLLER

TANDEM VIBRATORY ROLLER 2

DRUMS

WALK BEHIND VIBRATORY ROLLER

DRAGLINE
Dragline excavation systems are heavy equipment used in
civil engineering and surface mining. In civil engineering the
smaller types are used for road and port construction. The
larger types are used in strip-mining operations to move
overburden above coal, and for tar-sand mining. Draglines
are amongst the largest mobile equipment (not water-borne),
and weigh in the vicinity of 2000 metric tonnes, though
specimens weighing up to 13,000 metric tonnes have also
been constructed.
A dragline bucket system consists of a large bucket which is
suspended from a boom (a large truss-like structure) with wire
ropes. The bucket is manoeuvred by means of a number of
ropes and chains. The hoist rope, powered by large diesel or
electricmotors, supports the bucket and hoist-coupler
assembly from the boom. The dragrope is used to draw the
bucket assembly horizontally. By skillful manoeuvre of the
hoist and the dragropes the bucket is controlled for various
operations.

MAJOR CONFIGURATION OF A
DRAGLINE

DRAGLINE BUCKET LOAD

DRAGLINE IN PROGRESS WITH THE

DUMPING OF SOIL

SCRAPERS

In civil engineering, a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of

heavy equipment used for earthmoving.
The rear part has a vertically moveable hopper (also known
as the bowl) with a sharp horizontal front edge. The hopper
can be hydraulically lowered and raised. When the hopper
is lowered, the front edge cuts into the soil or clay like a
cheese slicer and fills the hopper.
When the hopper is full (8 to 34 m (10 to 45 yd) heaped,
depending on type) it is raised, and closed with a vertical
blade (known as the apron).
The scraper can transport its load to the fill area where the
blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector,
is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out.
Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats
the cycle.

ELEVATING SCRAPER BY CATERPILLAR

SCRAPER SCRAPING THE EXTRA WEEDS OF THE

GROUND

CRAWLER TYPE SCRAPER IN PROGRESS

SHOVELS

SKIMMERS
Skimmers are generally shallow utensils ,
usually perforated used in skimming
liquids

BACKACTOR
A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a
piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a
digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm.
They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or
front loader.
The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as
the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is
known as the dipper or dipperstick (the terms 'boom' and
'dipper' having been used previously on steam shovels).
The boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known
as the kingpost, which allows the arm to slew left and right,
usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern
backhoes are powered by hydraulics

CRAWLER TYPE BACKHOE

TRACTOR WITH BACKACTOR

GRADERS
A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a
blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader, is an engineering
vehicle with a long blade used to create a flat surface.
Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab
situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and
a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in
between.
In civil engineering, the grader's purpose is to "finish grade"
(refine, set precisely) the "rough grading" performed by
heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers
and bulldozers.
Graders can produce inclined surfaces and surfaces with
cambered cross-sections for roads. In some countries they
are used to produce drainage ditches with shallow Vshaped cross-sections on either side of highways.

 Graders are commonly used in the construction and

maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads.
In the construction of paved roads they are used to
prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for
the asphalt to be placed on.
Graders are also used to set native soil foundation pads
to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings.
In some locales such as Northern Europe, Canada, and
places in the United States, graders are often used in
municipal and residential snow removal. A more recent
innovation is the outfitting of graders with Graders are
also used for underground mining.
Capacities range from a blade width of 2.50 to 7.30 m and
engines from 93373 kW (125500 hp).
Some grader producing companies are JOHN DEERE ,
CATERPILLAR , CASE , GROVE AND NEW HOLLAND

CATERPILLAR 12G GRADER

GRADER WITH CLEANING BRUSH

GRADER USED TO REMOVE SNOW

VIBRATORS
A vibrator is a mechanical device that is designed to
generate vibrations. The vibration is often generated by an
electric motor with an unbalanced mass on its driveshaft. If
the motor is switched on, the rotating weight resonates.
In the construction industry Vibrating compactors are used
for soil compaction, e.g. in foundations for roads, railways or
buildings.
Concrete vibrators are used to consolidate fresh concrete so
that entrapped air and excess water are released and the
concrete settles firmly in place in the formwork.
Improper consolidation of concrete can cause product
defects, compromise the concrete strength, and produce
surface blemishes such as bug holes and honeycombing.
An internal concrete vibrator is a steel cylinder about the
size of the handle of a baseball bat, with a hose or electrical
cord attached to one end. The vibrator head is immersed in
the wet concrete.

VIBRATORS
External concrete vibrators attach, via a bracket or clamp
system, to the concrete forms.
There are a wide variety of external concrete vibrators
available and some vibrator manufacturers have bracket
or clamp systems designed to fit the major brands of
concrete forms.
External concrete vibrators are available in hydraulic,
pneumatic or electric power
Vibratory feeders and vibrating hoppers are also used
extensively in the construction industry.
Vibrating screens are used to separate bulk materials in
a mixture of different sized particles. For example sand,
gravel, river rock and crushed rock and other aggregates
are often separated by size using vibrating screens.
Vibrators are also used for leveling and for this purpose
plate vibrators are used

ELECTRICAL DEEP
CONCRETE VIBRATOR
PORTABLE EXTERNAL
VIBRATOR

SINGLE DRUM ROLLER

VIBRATOR

ENGINE CONCRETE
VIBRATOR

PLATE VIBRATOR FOR

LEVELLING

CONCRETE VIBRATOR

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONCRETE

VIBRATOR
Model

VTH

VTR

1. Engine

VTHC

VTRC

VTD

air-cooled,single cylinder,4-stroke
Petro,L
F20
0

Petro, Copy
Robin
RB20

Diesel
engi
ne
170F

2. Engine Type

Petro,Hond
a Gx160

Petro,Rob
in
EY20

3. Power (Hp)

5.5

6.5

4. Operating Weight
(kg)

22

21

22

21

32

5. Speed No-Load
(rpm)

12000

6. Coupling

Dynapac Coupling/Ball type Coupling

7. Vibrator Head
(mm)

25,28,32,38,45,50,60

8. Flexible Pipe (m)

9. Driver Shiping
Size(LxWxH) (cm)

10. Poker Shiping

6m
55x43x48

53x38x54

55x43x
48
80x67x8

53x38x54

53x38x5
4

DAM / NEEDLE VIBRATOR

DOZER
Dozers come under the capacity of earth moving and
excavation equipment
They are classified as crawler type and wheel types
Can be used both on firm as well as had soil and is used
to carry loads and level the soil
A bulldozer is a crawler (caterpillar tracked tractor),
equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a
blade), used to push large quantities of soil, sand,
rubble, etc., during construction work.
A bucket attachment can also be used in order to haul
drunken republicans to the lake for a dunking. The term
"bulldozer" is often used to mean any heavy engineering
vehicle (sometimes a loader and sometimes an
excavator), but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor
(usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade or bucket.

BULLDOZER

BULL DOZER WITH MULTI

SHANK RIPPER

BLADE TO BLADE DOZING

TRENCHERS
A trencher is piece of construction equipment used to dig
trenches, typically for laying pipes or cable, or for drainage.
Trenchers may range in size from walk-behind models, to
attachments for a skid loader or tractor, to very heavy tracked
engineering vehicles.
Trenchers come in different sizes and may use a different
digging implement, depending on the required width and
depth of the trench and the hardness of the surface to be cut.
Various types of trenchers are as follows :Wheel Trencher
Chain Trencher
Rock wheel
Portable Trencher
A trencher may be combined with a drainage pipe or geo
textile feeder unit and back filler, so drain or textile may be
placed and the trench filled in one go.

CHAIN TRENCHER
A chain trencher cuts with a digging chain that is
driven around a rounded metal frame, or boom.
It resembles a giant chainsaw.
This type of trencher can cut ground that is too
hard to cut with a bucket-type excavator.
The angle of the boom can be adjusted to control
the depth of the cut.
To cut a trench, the boom is held at a fixed angle
while the machine creeps backward.
The chain trencher comes in various sizes and is
used in the rocky ares

CHAIN TRENCHER

CONVENTIONAL CHAIN TRENCHER

CONVENTIONAL TRENCHER
Frozen soils present a host of problems for the trenching
machine and generally for this purpose conventional
trenchers were used.
As a conventional trencher operates, the frictional heat
created from the chain passing along the entire trench face
results in melting the ice that is present within the soil
instead of cutting or chipping the frozen material.
This melted ice then mixes with any soil and clay present
to form a thick, semi liquid material, which in turn clogs up
the digging chain preventing the cutting teeth from
penetrating the trench face
This halts the process of trenching and thereby creating
problems with the blade
For this purpose HRT trenchers are now being used

HRT TRENCHER

HRT TRENCHER
The HRT concept of reversing the cutting chain gains its
main advantage over conventional trenching in the
reduction of frictional heat generated during the chains
progress around the digging boom and trench face.
To achieve the reduction in frictional heat, the HRT
trencher has several key areas of improvement.
The reduced number of contacting cutting elements, not
only increases the penetration rates and force per pick,
but also aids to reduce the heat build-up, as the elements
are not in contact with the trench face for as long the
cutting pick temperature is reduced.
A further major gain can be seen when the contacting
areas of the digging chain on the boom are considered.
With the area of digging confined to the cutting head on
the HRT the main area of heat generation (on
conventional trenchers along the underside of the digging
boom) is removed.

TRENCHER AND DUMPER

ROCK WHEEL TRENCHERS

A rock wheel is a toothed metal wheel which is
effectively a giant circular saw.
Rock wheels can cut harder ground than a chain
trencher, including cutting through solid stone.
They are also used to cut pavement for road
maintenance and to gain access to utilities under roads.
The teeth on a rock wheel are removable and made of
high strength steel (HSLA steel, tool steel or high speed
steel) or tungsten.
When the machine is under heavy use, the teeth may
need to be replaced frequently, even daily and the
frequent cutting may take away the sharpness of the
blade
They are only used for the heavy work

ROCK WHEEL TRENCHERS

PORTABLE TRENCHER
Landscapers and lawn care specialist may use a
portable trencher to install landscape edging and
irrigation lines.
They may also be used to install utility
connections just beneath the surface such as
coaxial cables and communication wires.
These machines are lightweight (around 200
pounds) and are easily maneuverable compared
to other types of trenchers.
The cutting implement may be a chain, or a
blade similar to a rotary lawn mower blade
oriented so that it rotates in a vertical plane.

PORTABLE TRENCHER

POWER FLOATS
A power trowel (also known as a "power float" or "trowel
machine) is a piece of light construction equipment used
by construction companies and contractors, to apply a
smooth finish to concrete slabs.
Power trowels differ in the way they are controlled:
Ride-On power trowels are used by an operator sitting
on a seat upon the machinery, controlling the power
trowel with the necessary buttons . These kind of power
trowels are heavy in weight but much easier to handle
and gives a better finish .
Walk-Behind power trowels are used by an operator
walking behind the machine .These are lighter in weight
as compared to the other one
Both of them work on the same principal .

OPERATION
A spinning disc (either a disc or 'pan' or blades. The image
of the ride-on Power Float has the disc/pan fitted to both
rotors) has pressure applied to one area where the
additional friction of the blades against the floor moves the
Power Float in the opposite direction of the rotor blades.
The machine is steered by applying the weight of the
machine at a certain segment of the rotor arc, which will
take the machine in the desired direction. With the 'walk
behind' model, the handle is pressed or lifted. This puts
weight on the rear or front of the rotor which will move it
from side to side, and with judicious positioning of the
handle, forward or backward motion is possible using this
side-to-side control.
With the 'Ride On' model, there is a control for each blade
that fulfills the same role. There's either a pole or hydraulic
control that fulfills the same principle as the walk-behind but
the ride-on differs in that its control of rotor direction is like
that of a helicopter.

 To operate them: start the engine, adjust throttle control

and pull in the clutch lever which spins the rotor. They all
have a 'dead man' control for the clutch; that is, the
machine stops the rotors when the lever is released.
Then the trowel is glided over the surface at different
periods during the concrete 'set', starting with a flat disc or
'pan' that fits over the rotor blades, which brings up the 'fat'
of the concrete while filling depressions and removing high
spots.
Later the blades are used at an increasingly sharp angle
until the surface is hard, flat, and starts shine.
Edges to the bay, or areas the Power Float can't access,
are finished with a hand trowel.
Newer Power Floats have blades with curved ends that are
flush with the wire skirt so the edges can be trowelled, plus
the blades don't hit or snag objects.

POWER FLOATS WALK BEHIND

RIDE ON POWER TROWEL

CRANES
A crane is a lifting machine, generally equipped with a
winder (also called a wire rope drum), wire ropes or chains
and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower
materials and to move them horizontally
It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical
advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal
capability of a human.
Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry
for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction
industry for the movement of materials and in the
manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy
equipment
There are 3 types of cranes :Mobile Crane
Static Crane
Tower Crane

MOBILE CRANES

TOWER CRANE
CONFIGURATION

Static crane

HOISTS

CONVEYORS

CONCRETE MIXERS

TRUCKS
TRUCKS

THANK YOU