ENGSC 2343 Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 8

HW#7 due by Friday, 4-1-05 @ 5:00 p.m.

Chapter 8 - Problems: 22, 28, 70, 102, 113
8-1

Some Concepts and Definitions

Laminar flow
Transitional flow
Turbulent flow
Reynolds number
Entrance region
Poiseuilles law
Moody chart
Colebrook formula

Multiple pipe systems

Noncircular conduits
Major losses
Friction factor
Relative roughness
Minor losses
Loss coefficient

8-2

8.1 - Laminar vs. Turbulent flow

Figure 8.3

8-3

8.1 - Laminar vs. Turbulent flow

Figure 8.4

8-4

8.1 Entrance region & fully

developed flow
e
0.06 Re for laminar flow
D
e
1/6
4.4Re for turbul ent flow
D
8-5

8.2 - Laminar flow

Laminar flow has a parabolic velocity profile, so that the
velocity at any distance from the centerline,
2

pD
2r
1 Vc
u (r )
16 D
2

2r 2
1
D

2r 2
wherecenterline velocity, Vc 1
D
8-6

8.2 - Laminar flow

By definition, the average velocity is the flowrate
divided by the cross-sectional area:

R Vc Vc pD
V

2
2R
2
32
2

and

D p
Q
128
4

8-7

8.2 - Laminar flow

Poiseuilles law is valid for laminar flow only!

R Vc Vc pD
V

2
2R
2
32
2

and

D p
Q
128
4

8-8

8.2 - Laminar flow in pipes

Velocity and Volumetric flow for laminar flow:

p sin D 2

32

D 4 p sin
and Q
128

Figure 8.10

8-9

8.2 - Laminar flow in pipes

From dimensional analysis: p f (V , , D, )
Dp

V
D
Following derivation on pg. 457 we get:

V 2
p f
D 2
And the Darcy friction factor is:

64
f
Re

8-10

8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes

For steady, incompressible turbulent flow in a horizontal
round pipe:

p f (V , , D, , , )

Darcy-Weisbach equation:
2

V
hL f
D 2

8-11

8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes

Figure 8.20 - Moody diagram

8-12

8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes

Table 8.1 Equivalent roughness table
Table 8.1
Equivalent Roughness () for New Pipes

Pipe

Feet

Millimeters

Riveted Steel

0.003-0.03

0.9-9.0

Concrete

0.001-0.01

0.3-3.0

Wood stave

0.006-0.003

0.18-0.9

Cast iron

0.00085

0.26

Galvanized iron

0.0005

0.15

0.00015

0.045

Drawn tubing

0.000005

0.0015

Plastic, glass

0.0 (smooth)

0.0 (smooth)

Commercial steel
or wrought iron

8-13

8.4 Dimensional analysis of pipe flow

The Colebrook equation is
valid for the entire
nonlaminar range of
the Moody chart:

1
2.51
2.0 log D
3.7 Re f
f

The Moody chart and

Colebrook equation are
typically accurate
within 10%.
8-14

8.4 Dimensional analysis of pipe flow

Minor Losses:
V2
hL K L
2g

KL varies for contractions, expansions, elbows, bends,

tees, unions, and valves. (section 8.4)

8-15

Quiz #13

8-16

8.5.2 Multiple pipe systems

8-17

8.6 Pipe flowrate measurement

8-18