Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Input
Message
Input
Transducer
Transmitter
noise
Output
Message
24/12/2014
Output
Transducer
Receiver
Channel
Transmission
medium
S2`13
Topic 2
Amplitude Modulation
- DSBFC
Introduction
Amplitude Modulation is the simplest and earliest form of
transmitters
AM applications include broadcasting in medium- and highfrequency applications, CB (citizens band) radio, and aircraft
communications
24/12/2014
(b) ec
AM characteristic
AM is a nonlinear devices with two input signals:
o A single frequency: constant-amplitude carrier signal
o Information signal
Baseband /
Information signal
MODULATION
Modulated
signal
Carrier
24/12/2014
Types of AM
Various forms of Amplitude Modulation (AM):
Double Sideband
Full Carrier (DSBFC)
o contains USB, LSB and carrier
vm(t)
AMPLITUDE
MODULATION
Carrier wave
Modulated
Signal
vam (t) = (Ec + vm(t)) sin ct
Or
vam (t) = (Ec + Em sin mt) sin ct
vc (t)
(Ec + Em sin mt) = amplitude of the modulated wave
24/12/2014
10
vc ( t ) E c sin(c t ) where c 2f c
Modulating signal
v m ( t ) E m sin m t
Vam
24/12/2014
11
24/12/2014
12
Em
Ec
Vm in Ec Em
or
Vm in Ec (1 m)
so;
m
24/12/2014
Vm ax Vm in
Vm ax Vm in
13
vc ( t ) E c sin(c t ) where c 2f c
Modulating signal
v m ( t ) E m sin m t
24/12/2014
14
v AM ( t ) E c E m sin m t sin c t
Em
Ec
E c 1 m sin m t sin c t
1
1
sin(A) sin(B) cosA B cosA B
2
2
15
v Am ( t ) E c (sin c t )
Carrier
component
mEc
mEc
cos(c m ) t
cos(c m ) t
2
2
Lower sideband
component
Upper sideband
component
24/12/2014
16
3 parts:
24/12/2014
17
fusb = fc + fm
flsb = fc fm
Elsb = Eusb = (mEc)/2
fusb = frequency of the upper sideband
flsb = frequency of the lower sideband
Eusb = peak voltage of the upper sideband component
Elsb = peak voltage of the lower sideband component
= ( fc + fm ) - ( fc fm )
= fc + fm - fc + fm
= 2fm
Ec
Ec
2
fc- fm
fc
Ec
2
fc+ fm
Ec Em
2
2
freq
2fm
24/12/2014
19
Modulated signal
Amplitude,V
Amplitude,V
lower sideband
f1
freq
f2
fc-f2
fc-f1
upper sideband
fc+f1
fc+f2
freq
20
Example:
For example, if voice signal with the band of frequency of 0
4 kHz is transmitted using a carrier of 100 kHz, the modulated
signal consists of;
Carrier signal with frequency of 100 kHz
Upper side band with frequency of range of 100 104 kHz
Lower side band with frequency of range 96 100 kHz
24/12/2014
21
24/12/2014
22
Em
m
Ec
0 m 1
m 1, ( Em Ec )
m 1, ( Em Ec )
m 1, ( Em Ec )
24/12/2014
23
unmodulated signal
24/12/2014
25
PT Pc [1
24/12/2014
2
meff
26
AM Power Distribution
PT Pc PLSB PUSB
Vc2rms
R
2
VLSB
rms
R
2
2
VUSB
rms
R
2
Ec mEc mEc
2
2 2 2 2
R
R
R
Ec2 m 2 Ec2 m 2 Ec2
2 R 8R
8R
PLSB PUSB
and
2
Therefore;
24/12/2014
Ec2
Pc
2R
where
m 2 Ec2 m 2 Pc
8R
4
4
4
2
PT Pc PSB
m 2 Pc
Pc
2
m2
Pc 1
2
27
PSB
2
PT
m 2
24/12/2014
28
4
4
m 2 Pc
24/12/2014
29
24/12/2014
30
Example 1
For an AM DSBFC modulator with a carrier frequency fc = 100kHz and
maximum modulating signal frequency fm(max) = 5kHz, determine:
a) Frequency limits for the upper and lower sidebands
b) Bandwidth
c) Upper and lower side frequencies produced when the modulating
signal is a single-frequency 3kHz tone.
d) Draw the output frequency spectrum
24/12/2014
31
Example 2
For an AM modulator with carrier frequency of 150 kHz and a modulating signal frequency of
10kHz, determine the:
1.
Freq for the upper and lower sideband
2.
Bandwidth
3.
Sketch the output frequency spectrum
Solution:
The lower and upper side band frequency;
Bandwidth;
B = 2fm = 2 (10) kHz = 20 kHz
The output frequency spectrum is as shown:
Ec
(mEc)/2
140
24/12/2014
B = 20 kHz 150
(mEc)/2
160
f (kHz)
32
Example 3
For an AM wave with a peak unmodulated carrier voltage Ec = 20 V, a load resistance
RL = 20ohm and a modulation index m = 0.2, determine the :
1.
Power contained in the carrier and the upper and lower sidebands
2.
Total sideband power
3.
Total power of the modulated power
Solution:
1.
The carrier power:
2
2
E
m2 E
m2 P
2
20
c
c
c
Pc
2R
2 ( 20)
8R
4
2.
( 0.2) 2 (10)
0.1w
0 .2 w
2
2
3.
OR
24/12/2014
m2
2
] 10[1
( 0.2 ) 2
] 10.2W
2
33