vitamins

AL- KALAMOON UNIVERSITY

DENTISRY COLLEGE
DR. LOUAY LABBAN

DEFININTION
The term vitamin is derived from the words
vital and amine, because vitamins are required
for life and were originally thought to be
amines

 They are organic compounds required by

humans in small amounts from the diet.

IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS
VITAMINS

FUNCTION

B1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, K

COENZYME

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7

METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING

NUTRIENTS

B 6, B 9, B12

RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESIS

B6, B9, B12

AMINO ACID METABOLISM

B 7, B 5, B 3

FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

C,E

ANTIOXODENT PROTECTION

B1, B6, B12

NERVE TRANSMISSION

A, D

GENE EXPRESSION

CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS

VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN

GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN
WATER OR FAT

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

B VITAMINS
THIAMIN B1
RIBOFLAVIN B2
NIACIN B3
BIOTIN
PANTOTHENIC ACID
B 6
FOLATE
B 12

VITAMIN A

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN D
VITAMIN E

VITAMIN K

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS

Vitamins are found in almost everything you
eat
Processing affects vitamin content
Dietary supplements can boost vitamin intake
Not all of what you eat can be used by the
body

 WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP

THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1
Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi
that was discovered in the West Indies
A Japanese surgeon in the navy found that
beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding
meat and whole grains to the diet.

THIAMIN IMPORTANCE

BERIBERI

SOURCES OF THIAMIN

 Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in

foods
Yeast and liver are the most highly
concentrated sources however, cereal grains
are the most important dietary sources of
thiamin in the diet as these foods are
consumed readily in most diets.

RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2

Very important vitamin because it is part of

two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are
oxidizing agents

RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE

SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN
DEFICIENCY

Stomatitis
Anemia
Swollen and dark tongue
Angular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth
and lips

Riboflavin deficiency

SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN

RDA for Riboflavin

The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin
is 1.3 mg / day .

NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3
Niacin is the compound that prevents
development of Pellagra.
It was isolated from nicotine acid
It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD
which is very important in metabolism.

IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN

B3

SOURCES OF NIACIN

DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN

Pellagra: dermatitis
Muscular weakness
Anorexia
Indigestion
Skin eruptions
Diarrhea

DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3

Pellagra

Pellagra

Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine

Very important vitamin since it plays a

coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic
reactions.

VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC
Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important
role in energy metabolism.
Is essential for the formation of ATP from the
breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and
alcohol.

SOURCES OF PANTOTHENIC

Meat
Milk
Mushrooms
Liver
Peanuts
Eggs
yeast

DEFICIENCY OF B 5

Headache
Fatigue
Impaired muscle coordination
GI tract disorders

RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID

RDA for adults is 5 mg / day

VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6

Animal tissues
Fish
Poultry
Whole grains
Some fruits and vegetables mainly bananas ,
carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado

DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6

Weakness
Sleeplessness
Peripheral neuropathy
Personality changes
Dermatitis
Glossitis

VITAMIN B6 SOURCES

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6

RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 2 mg / day

BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7

Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon

dioxide is added to a compound.

FUNCTIONS OF B 7
Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme
that add CO2 to various compounds.

SOURCES OF BIOTIN

Whole grains
Eggs
Nuts
legumes

DEFICIENCY OF BIOTIN
Skin rash
Neurological disorders
Impaired growth

RDA FOR BIOTIN

RDA for Biotin is 30 g /day for adults

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf
because dark leafy vegetables are the best
source for folate

VITAMIN B9 SOURCES

Beans
Legumes
Citrus fruit
Liver
Fish
Eggs
Milk and milk products

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9

Folic acid functions

Deficiency of Folate

Reduced ability to double DNA

Anemia

Folic acid function

RDA FOR FOLATE

RDA for adults is 400 g / day

VITAMIN B 12
Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very
imporatnt vitamin
It plays an important role in many Coenzymes

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 12

Meat
Poultry
Seafood
Eggs
Milk and milk products

Sources of VITAMIN B12

RDA OF VITAMIN B 12

RDA for adults is 2.4 g /day

Deficiency can cause anemia

VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID

Is involved in many processes in human body
The most important function for vitamin C is
the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue
protein found in tendon, arteries

FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C

Healthy immune system

Helps in wounds healing
Maintains the connective tissues
Aids in iron absorption

ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Fruits and vegetables are the major sources
for vitamin C
Citrus fruits
Broccoli
Green pepper

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

Deficiency of vitamin C

The well-known deficiency is Scurvy

Weakness
Fatigue
Inflammation of the gum
Impaired wound healing
Hemorrhages
depression

SCURVY IN HUMAN

RDA FOR VITAMIN C

RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN A
VITAMIN D
VITAMIN E
VITAMIN K

Vitamin A
Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and
mucus membrane
Maintains healthy eyes
Assists with bone remodeling

Deficiency
Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growth
Night blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)

Retinopathy

Night blindness

VITAMIN A

sources

Vitamin D
Considered as hormone that facilitates
absorption of Ca and P
It assists with bone formation by aiding the
absorption of calcium

Functions

sources

Vitamin D deficiency

Ricketts

Osteoporosis

Vitamin E
Antioxident and promotes RBC
Deficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemia
RDA 15 mg / day

Functions of vitamin E

Functions of vitamin E

Sources

Vitamin K
Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin
required for blood clotting
Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding
and increased clotting time.

Ssources of vitamin K

Functions of vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency