Walker 03

Chapter 3
Tourism
Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

Management, 2nd edition
2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
After Reading and Studying This

Chapter, You Should Be Able to:
Define tourism
Outline the important international and
domestic tourism organizations
Describe the economic impact of tourism
Identify promoters of tourism
List reasons why people travel
Describe the sociocultural impact of tourism
Describe ecotourism


Characteristics
Year-round economic driver

Accounts for 10.2% of world GDP and 7.8%
of global workforce
Employer of 214 million people or 7.8% of
the global workforce
Spending on tourism is $72.3 billion
Leading producer of tax revenues
Despite Indian Ocean tsunami, SARS, war,
and terrorism, WTTC forecasts 4.6% growth
between 2006 and 2015


Tourism Offers Greatest Global

Employment Prospects
Trend factors:
The opening of borders despite security concerns
An increase in disposable income and vacations
Reasonably priced air fares
An increase in the number of people with time and
money to travel
More people with the urge to travel


The World Tourism Organization

States:
Tourism comprises the activities of people
traveling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than
one consecutive year for leisure, business,
and other purposes.


Tourism Can Be Categorized by

the Following Factors:
Geography
Ownership
Function
Industry
Motive


Airlines
Change occurred in 1978
Purpose is to allow a free market of
competition (fare structures)
Change in companies and the way
airlines are doing business


Changes Seen Since September

11, 2001
Business travelers spend less
Airlines fuel costs, pensions, and security
costs have risen
Major airlines are laying off employees
Delivery of new jets is delayed
Closing hubs and reservation and
maintenance centers to cut costs


The Hub-and-Spoke System
Enables passengers to travel from one

smaller city to another smaller city via a hub
Hubs are the centers for connections around
the world
Benefits:
Airlines
can service cities at a lower cost

Airlines can maximize passenger loads from small
cities, thereby saving fuel


Figure 3-2
The Hub-and-Spoke System


Cruise Ships
A floating resort
8.2 million passengers vacationed on a ship in
2003 alone
Most cruise ships sail under foreign flags:
Lower
labor cost
U.S. ships are not permitted to operate casino-style
gambling
Lower construction costs


Figure 3-3
Passengers Taking a Cruise Longer Than 2 Days


Cruise Market Segments

Mass market
Middle market
Luxury market


World and Domestic

Organizations
Visit the websites of the following organizations for more

information:
World Tourism Organization
International Air Transportation Organization
International Civil Aviation Organization
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
Pacific Asia Travel Association
Travel Industry of America
World Travel and Tourism Council


Economic Impact of Tourism
International travelers annually spend about $94

billion in the U.S. on travel-related expenses
20.8 million people are directly employed in the
industry
Travel generates $100 billion yearly in tax receipts
Approximately 46 million international travelers
visit the U.S. each year
Just a 1% increase in the world market would
mean an additional 7.6 million visitors, which
would create 150,000 jobs


Multiplier Effect
New money spent by tourists is then respent by hotels and restaurants in the
community for goods and services
Leakage occurs when money must be spent
outside the community for goods
unavailable within the community


Figure 3-5
The Multiplier Effect


Travel Agencies
Serve as a middle person

Agents use computer reservation systems
Make money on commissions charged to hotels
and car rental companies
Charge clients a fee for their services
What does the future hold for travel promoters?


Corporate Managers
Work within a large corporation
Can still work with travel agencies
Can also be the meeting planner


Wholesalers
Consolidated services:
Airlines
Other
transportation carriers
Ground service suppliers
Tours
Sold to the public


National Travel Offices
National offices:
U.S. now has an NTO
Private organization
Examples of other NTOs:

Canada
Germany
Australia


Destination Management
Companies
Service organizations
Meet the needs of their clients
Sell destinations
Meeting planners
Incentive companies


Reasons People Travel
To experience new and different surroundings

To experience other cultures
To rest and relax
To visit friends and family
To view, or participate in, sporting/recreational
activities


Reasons for Anticipated

Increase in Tourism
Longer life span

Flexible working hours
Early retirement
Greater ease of travel
Tendency to take shorter, more frequent trips
Increase in standard of living


Appeal of Travel
Scenic beauty
Pleasant attitudes of
locals
Suitable
accommodations
Rest and relaxation
Airfare cost

Historic and cultural

interests
Cuisine
Water sports
Entertainment
Shopping facilities
Sports

Ecotourism
Buzzword
Seeks to minimize the impact of
tourism
Natural environment and native
cultures


Trends in Tourism
Ecotourism
Number of tourist arrivals will continue
to increase, topping 1 billion by 2010
Governments will continue to recognize
importance of tourism
Increase in number of bilateral treaties


More Trends
Internet booking will increase

Technology will continue to advance
Marketing partnerships and corporate alliances
will continue to improve
Ticketless air travel will become commonplace
Managing destinations has become a challenge
Increase in number of boutique airlines
Increase in use of automatic airport check-ins


Even More Trends

Continued expansion in the cruise industry
More alternate cruises
Increased concern for health and safety of
travel and tourism
Increase in nature tourism



Walker 03

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Walker 03

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Chapter 3

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

After Reading and Studying This

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Year-round economic driver

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Tourism Offers Greatest Global

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

The World Tourism Organization

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Tourism Can Be Categorized by

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Changes Seen Since September

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

The Hub-and-Spoke System

Enables passengers to travel from one

can service cities at a lower cost

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Cruise Market Segments

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

World and Domestic

Visit the websites of the following organizations for more

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Economic Impact of Tourism

International travelers annually spend about $94

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Serve as a middle person

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

National Travel Offices

Examples of other NTOs:

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Walker: Introduction to Hospitality

2007 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River,

Reasons People Travel

To experience new and different surroundings