ISHIKAWA

Presented by:
Mohammad Ismail Asif

INTRODUCTION
Ishikawa diagrams are also called fishbone
diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa.
Ishikawa diagrams are referred to as "fish bone"
diagrams because they resemble a fish skeleton.
The Ishikawa diagram was developed by Kaoru
Ishikawa during the 1960s as a way of measuring
quality control processes in industries.

 The cause and effect diagram is used to

explore all the potential or real causes (inputs)
that result in a single effect (output)
It identifies major causes and breaks them
down into sub-causes.

CAUSES
Causes are arranged according to their level of
importance or detail, resulting in a depiction
of relationships and hierarchy of events.
This can help you search for root causes,
identify areas where there may be problems,
and compare the relative importance of
different causes.

Causes Categories
There are different causes categories in
different industires.

In Manufacturing Industry
6Ms cause and effect example used in the
manufacturing industry.
Man: training, qualifications, experience, certification,
fatigue, stress, management,
Machine: technology, maintenance, inspections,
programming, proper testing, software or hardware
updates
Material: raw material, consumables, and information
Method: process, testing, control, design, instructions
Measurement: calibration
Mother Nature: environmental conditions

in Marketing
It includes 4 Ps i.e:

Product
Price
Place
Promotion

In Service Industry
It visualizes causes in 5 categories:
Surroundings
Suppliers
Systems
Skills
Safety

5 Whys
The 5 Whys is an iterative question-asking
technique used to explore the cause-andeffect relationships underlying a particular
problem.
The primary goal of the technique is to
determine the root cause of a defect or
problem.
5 whys can be different according to the
potential problem

Steps to Using a Cause and Effect

Diagram
1. Clearly describe the problem, i.e., the
"effect," to be diagrammed .
2. Draw a box around the effect with an arrow
heading to it.

EFFECT

3. Identify the major categories of factors that

contribute to the problem and write them on
the diagram.
4. Brainstorm the detailed factors that
contribute to the problem
5. Identify any and all sub-causes and place
them on the diagram.

6. Ask Why?: You really want to find the root causes, and
one way to help do that is to use the 5 Whys technique:
asking "Why?" or "Why else?" over and over until you
come up with possible root causes. "Improper handling" is
not a root cause, while "Failing to wear Latex gloves"
might be closer to a root cause. But, you could still ask
"Why was he/she not wearing gloves?" with the possible
response "There were none available." It is a lot easier to
take action against the inventory problem than just the
generic "improper handling".
7. Investigate: Now that you've come up with possible
causes, it is time to go gather data to confirm which
causes are real or not

THANK YOU