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Sumona Mukherjee
PhD Student
It is unhealthy for humans, pets, and wildlife to drink or come in contact with
surface or ground water contaminated with wastewater.
Inadequate treatment of wastewater allows bacteria, viruses, and other diseasecausing pathogens to enter groundwater and surface water.
Hepatitis, dysentery, and other diseases may result from bacteria and viruses in
drinking water.
Disease-causing organisms may make lakes or streams unsafe for recreation. Flies
and mosquitoes that are attracted to and breed in wet areas where wastewater
reaches the surface may also spread disease.
Introduction
Introduction
Point sources of wastewater are discrete and identifiable sources that are divided into
domestic and industrial sources.
Domestic sources include residences and small businesses. Compared with industry, these
are relatively small sources. As a result, a major issue in this category is the collection of
wastewater (i.e., it is a major expense when added up for the entire community)
Industrial sources are relatively large sources that include such sub-categories as the
chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, mining, and metal industries. Because of their size, these
sources are generally easier to collect, but harder to treat (e.g., their chemical content can
vary tremendously).
Source of Wastewater
Non-point sources are diffuse and generally occur from water runoff. Because they are
spread over large areas, they tend to be more difficult to control, and in recent years they
have gained greater attention from legislators. They are divided into agricultural, urban, and
atmospheric sources.
Agricultural sources include farms, which can contribute fertilizers, pesticides, soil erosion,
and plant and animal wastes to water runoff. Collectively, they usually constitute the largest
source of pollutants to water, and the erosion contributions are being worsened by the
deforestation occurring in various parts of the world.
Urban sources include the storm water systems that collect water from the gutters of streets
in towns and cities. The true scope of the problem from urban sources is still not very well
understood, but it is clearly a major contributor.
Atmospheric sources include air pollution's contribution during precipitation (e.g., acid rain).
We do not discuss it in detail here because we have already covered it in a previous section.
Nevertheless, it is a classic example of the multi-media role of wastewater pollution.
Source of Wastewater
Selection of wastewater
treatment options
Characteristics of wastewater
Contaminants
Suspended solids
Biodegradable
organics
Dissolved organics
Heavy metals
Nutrients
Pathogens
Communicable
Priority organic
pollutnts
O2
energy
Oxidation
End Products
Endogenous respiration
Organic Waste
COHNS
energy
O2
New Cell Tissue
C5H7NO2
Synthesis
Stable organic
end product
O2
Schematic diagram of the aerobic biological conversion of organic matter in wastewater to end
products, to new cells and ultimately to stable organic and other end products
A:
B:
(to be written)
Circular comminutor
Removal of Grit
Typical examples of grit chambers (a) Aerated grit chamber (b) Vortex type
Trickling Filters
Thank You