Training Process Engineering EPCC

Natural Gas Processing

Jakarta, August 27th 2008

PT REKAYASA INDUSTRI

By:
F.X. Agung Nugroho
Product Owner - SBU Gas

Where does the gas come from ?

Image Legend
1. Salt cavern hydrocarbon storage
2. Oil and gas reservoir
3. Natural gas reservoir storage
4. Transmission pipeline
5. Compressor
6. Gathering pipeline
7. Emergency shut down valve

PII Training - Gas Processing

How it differs with other fossil fuels ?

Natural Gas

C/H Ratio:
- CH4

: 0.25

- C3H8

: 0.375

- C10H22 : 0.454
- C6H6

PII Training - Gas Processing

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What do we get vs What do we want

Comp

Raw Material

Product

NA-Gas

A-Gas

Sales Gas

LNG

LPG

C1

50 95%

50 85%

C2

0.5 10%

5 15%

C3

0 5%

5 20%

i-C4

0 5%

1 15%

n-C4

0 5%

1 15%

C5+

0 1%

0 5%

N2

0 20%

0 2%

CO2

0 50%

0 10%

<5 % mole

<50 ppmv

<5 % mole *)

H2S

0 2%

0 1%

<4 ppmv

<4 ppmv

<4 ppmv *)

H2O

saturated

saturated

<200 ppmv

<0.1 ppmv

<20 ppmv*)

Other

0 1%

0 1%

PII Training - Gas Processing

*) determined by process condition of the LPG plant

Process Types in Natural Gas Processing

Purification
From other phases (liquids, solids)
From impurities

CO2
H2S
H2O
Mercaptans (R-SH)
Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)
Carbon Disulfide (CS2)
Mercury (Hg)

Fractionation
Lean Gas
NGLs
Condensate

Liquefaction (LNG)
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Overall Scheme of Gas Processing

Sales Gas
Lean
Gas

LNG
LIQUIFACTION

NGL
RECOVERY/
FRACTIONATION

Dry Gas

Sweet
Gas

Sour Gas

GAS/LIQUID
SEPARATION

Gas
From Well

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ACID GAS
REMOVAL

REMOVAL OF
OTHER
IMPURITIES

LNG

LPG

Condensate

GAS
DEHYDRATION

H2O

Other impurities
- Mercaptan (RSH)
- Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)
- Carbon Disulfide (CS2)
- Mercury (Hg)

Liquid HC/
Oil

Produced
Water
Acid Gas

SULFUR
RECOVERY

- CO2
- H2S
Sulfur

Treated Acid Gas

THERMAL
OXIDATION

Flue Gas

Gas / Liquid Separation

To AGRU

Wash Water

Filter Separator

Washing Column

Inlet Cooler

Scrubber

To Produced Water
Treatment
Condensate / Oil

Feed
Gas
Inlet Separator

Condensate / Oil

To Produced Water
Treatment

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To Produced Water
Treatment

G/L Coalescer

Acid Gas Removal

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Acid Gas Removal Technologies

Carbonate
Physical
Solvent

Source: UOP
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AGR - Amine Absorption

Acid Gas

Sweet
Gas

Reflux Drum
Acid Gas
Cooler

Make-Up
Water

Amine
Circulation Pump
Amine
Absorber

Gas from G/L

Separation

Lean Amine
Cooler

Reflux Pump
Amine Regenerator

Amine Lean/Rich
Heat Exchanger
Amine Reboiler

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AGR - Absorption with Physical Solvent

Source: UOP
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AGR - Membrane

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Sulfur Recovery

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Competitive Range of Sulfur Recovery Technologies

Source: Shell
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Claus Process

Source: GPSA Handbook

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Liquid Redox LoCat

Source: GTP-Merichem
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Biotechnology Shell Paques/Thiopaq

Source: Shell
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Gas Dehydration

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TEG Dehydration

Source: Natco
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Removal of Other Impurities

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Molecular Sieve

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Merox Process

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NGL Recovery / Fractionation

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External Refrigeration

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Turbo Expander Process Recycle Split Vapor

Source: Ortlof
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Turbo Expander Process High Pressure Absorber

Source: CBI Randall Gas

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LNG Liquefaction

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LNG Block Diagram

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APCI Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant

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Phillips Cascade Process

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Thank You

Engineering the future, building prosperity

PII Training - Gas Processing

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