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9
The Analysis
of Competitive
Markets
Prepared by:
Fernando & Yvonn Quijano
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Microeconomics Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 7e.
CHAPTER 9 OUTLINE
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9.1
Figure 9.1
Consumer and Producer
Surplus
Consumer B enjoys a
benefit of $2,
and Consumer C, who
values the good at exactly
the market price, enjoys no
benefit.
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9.1
Figure 9.1
Consumer and Producer
Surplus (continued)
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9.1
welfare effects
Figure 9.2
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9.1
Figure 9.3
Effect of Price Controls When
Demand Is Inelastic
If demand is sufficiently
inelastic, triangle B can be
larger than rectangle A. In this
case, consumers suffer a net
loss from price controls.
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9.2
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9.2
Figure 9.5
Welfare Loss When Price is Held
Above Market-Clearing Level
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9.3
MINIMUM PRICES
Figure 9.8
The Minimum Wage
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9.4
Price Supports
price support Price set by government above freemarket level and maintained by governmental purchases
of excess supply.
Figure 9.10
Price Supports
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9.4
Production Quotas
Figure 9.11
Supply Restrictions
CS = A B
PS = A C + Payments for not producing
Welfare = A B + A + B + D B C D = B C
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9.4
Figure 9.12
The Wheat Market in 1981
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9.4
Figure 9.13
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9.5
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9.5
Figure 9.15
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9.5
Figure 9.16
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9.5
Figure 9.16
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9.6
specific tax
Figure 9.17
Incidence of a Tax
Buyers lose A + B.
Sellers lose D + C.
The government earns A + D
in revenue.
The deadweight loss is B + C.
Market clearing requires four conditions to be satisfied after the tax is in place:
QD = QD(Pb)
QS = QS(Ps)
QD = QS
Pb Ps = t
(9.1a)
(9.1b)
(9.1c)
(9.1d)
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9.6
Figure 9.18
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9.6
(9.2a)
(9.2b)
(9.2c)
(9.2d)
Figure 9.19
Subsidy
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9.6
(Demand)
QS = 60 + 20Ps
Q D = QS
Pb Ps = 1.00
(Supply)
(Supply must equal demand)
(Government must receive $1.00/gallon)
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9.6
Figure 9.20
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