INTRODUCTION

Computer Concepts

Sheryl May C. Jagonia

Topic

DATA PROCESSING

Data
Data consists of raw facts. The word
raw is used to indicate that the facts
have not yet been process to reveal
their meaning.

Data Vs.
Information

Information
Information is a processed data, on
which to base decision. It is a collection
of facts organized in such a way that
they have additional value beyond the
value of the facts themselves.

Summary
Data constitute the building blocks of
information.
Information is produced by processing
data.
Information is used to reveal the meaning
of data.
Good, relevant, and timely information is
the key to good decision-making.
Good decision-making is the key to
organizational survival in a global
environment.

Data Processing
Data Processing is the manipulation of
data into a more useful form. It involves
the collecting, processing, and
distributing of facts and figures to
achieve a desired result.
Data processing system refers to the
equipment or devices and procedures by
which the result is achieved.

Data Processing Cycle

Data Processing Cycle

Input is the activity of capturing and
gathering raw data. Input can be a manual
process or it may be automated.
Process involves converting or transforming
data into useful outputs. Processing can be
done manually or with the assistance of
computers.
Output involves producing useful information,
usually in the form of documents, reports,
and transaction data. Output can be
produced in a variety of ways.

Areas of Data Processing

Data processing may be classified as either scientific
or business in nature.
Business Data Processing. Business data
processing is characterized by the need to
establish, retain, and process files of data for
producing useful information. Generally, it involves
a large volume of input data, limited arithmetical
operations, and a relatively large volume of output.
Scientific Data Processing. In science, data
processing involves a limited volume of input and
many logical or arithmetic calculations. Unlike
business problems, most of the scientific problems
are non-repetitive, requiring a one-time solution.

Topic 2

OPERATIONS IN DATA
PROCESSING

Operations in Data
Processing
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Recording
Verifying
Duplicating
Classifying
Sorting
Calculating

7) Summarizing &
Reporting
8) Merging
9) Storing
10)Retrieving
11)Feedback

Recording
Recording refers to the transfer of data
onto some form or document. It relates
to the documentation of intermediate
figures and facts resulting from
calculations.

Verifying
Verifying is making sure that the data
that is recorded is free of error.

Duplicating
Duplicating is the reproducing of data
onto many forms of documents.
Duplicating may be done while the data
is manually recorded, or it may be
done afterwards, by some machine.

Classifying
Classifying separates data into various
forms and categories. It is the
identifying and arranging of items with
like characteristics into groups or
classes.

Sorting
Sorting is the arranging of data in a
specific order. After the data are
classified, it is usually necessary to
arrange or rearrange them in a
predetermined sequence to facilitate
processing.

Calculating
Calculating is the arithmetic
manipulation of data. It is a crucial
phase of data manipulation because
the outcome of this operation becomes
part of the output.

Summarizing & Reporting

Summarizing and Reporting involves
the process of condensing the
collection of data and certain
conclusions from the data are
represented in a meaningful format.

Merging
Merging takes two or more sets of
data, all sets having been sorted by the
same key, and puts them together to
form a single sorted set of data.

Storing
Storing is placing similar data into files
for future reference.

Retrieving
Retrieving is the recovering of stored
data and/or information when needed.

Feedback
Feedback is the comparison of the
output(s) and the goal set in advance;
any discrepancy is analyzed, corrected
and fed back to the proper stage in the
processing operation.

Advantage of Electronic Data

Processing

Speed
Automatic Operation
Accuracy
Decision Making capability
Compact Storage
Discipline it Poses