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What is NMVOC?
and Why control it?
Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds
(NMVOC) evolve in differing proportions
from Crude Oil cargoes and, subject to
conditions, are released to the atmosphere
during loading and carriage.
VOC gases are harmful and a pollutant to
the atmosphere and Maritime Environment.
They also act a precursor gas to the
formation of OZONE which is a recognised
Greenhouse Gas.
50
% VOC Concentration
40
Orig Vapour %
30
Evolved Vapour %
Total Vapour %
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A Pressure/Temperature Profile
of a crude oil during a voyage
30
1600
P/V Valve Opening Pressure
1400
25
1200
1000
15
800
600
10
Maximium Normal
Control Operating
Pressure before Manual
Release by Vessel's
Command
400
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
Day Number
30
35
40
45
50
Pressure mmWG
Temperature Deg C
20
Tank temp
Pressure
Tanker Operations
covered by the Management Plan
The Crude Oil Tanker operations required to be
covered by the VOC Management Plan are:
Control of Emissions during Loading
Control of Emissions during the Voyage
Control of Emissions during Discharge Crude Oil
Washing
Control of Emissions using Specialist Equipment if fitted
Control of Emissions
on Loading (1)
Control of Emissions
on Loading (2)
Evolution of NMVOC during loading is mainly caused
by pressure drops in the loading pipeline system
throttled valves etc.
The main cause of vapour evolution during loading
is the pressure drop at the top of the loading drop
line. At this point vapour bubbles evolve and are
carried into the cargo tanks where they boil off
until the Equilibrium Pressure (Saturated Vapour
Pressure of the crude oil) in the cargo tank vapour
system is achieved. This pressure is independent
of the Inert Gas pressure.
Control of Emissions
during the Voyage
NMVOC will evolve from the crude oil cargo during the
voyage. This will cease when the pressure in the
vapour phase pressure is in equilibrium with the
liquid phase SVP. Any change in cargo temperature
will impact the equilibrium pressure. Higher
temperature will increase the pressure and vice versa.
During the voyage the SVP should be maintained in
the cargo vapour system and any required manual
vapour releases should not go below this pressure
reference VOCON Procedure. LOW CLOSING
PRESSURES SHOULD BE AVOIDED after a release.
Control of Emissions
during Discharge
Vapour emissions should not occur during a discharge
programme unless heavy weather ballast is to be placed in a
cargo tank.
During discharge care should be exercised with the supply of
IG into the cargo tanks and avoiding excessive pressure in the
system. A low pressure cargo tank IG regime will assist in
efficient discharging/stripping.
During Crude Oil Washing (COW) selection of crude oil type
(multi parcel loadings) with lowest SVP is preferred. Closed
Cycle COW will limit VOC generation during this process and
avoid excessive VOC for displacement at next loading.
Knowledge of Operation of
Special Control Equipment
There are numerous differing types of VOC
control equipment being marketed. Become
acquainted with the operation of this equipment
through it instruction manuals.
One popular method being employed is the
increased opening pressure settings of P/V
valves from 1400 mmWG to around 2000
mmWG together with avoidance of manual
releases during a voyage.
Record of Releases
Manually controlled discharge
Voyage NMVOC Emission Calculation Spreadsheet
Time at
Start of
Date Release
29th Sept 1020
Tank
Tank
Mean Diameter Length of
NMVOC
Pressure at Pressure at Pressure of Release Release Mean Total Vapour
NMVOC equiv.
Time at Duration of Start of Stop of during pipeline Pipeline Velocity of Volume of
Vapour Liquid
Stop of Release release Release Release opening from Tank Release Release % of Release Release
Release (Minutes) (mmWG) (mmWG) (Metres WG) (Metres) (Metres) (Metres/sec) (Metres ^3) NMVOC (Metres^3) (Metres^3)
1028
8
1200
800
1.072
0.508
30
4.22
410.60
80 328.48 1.314
NMVOC
equiv.
Weight
Release
(Tonnes)
0.716
The main shipboard input criteria for this spreadsheet are the accurate recordings for:
The Start and Stop Times for the manual release
The Tank Pressure at the start and stop of the release
A measurement or estimation of the % NMVOC in the vapour phase of the tanks