BUILDING MATERIALS ( BLD62003)

CONCRETE (2)
Joanne Tee Sin Yi 0315689
Lee Pei Gie 0315653
Than Lek Mei 0315538
Yong Seen Yee 0315883

SLUMP TEST

Slump test is one of fresh concrete

tests. It is made to measure the
consistency of fresh concrete mix .
Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Step 1: Clean Instrument

Make sure that all
instruments are
clean.
Put the cone on a
smooth and nonabsorbent surface.

Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Step 2 : Fill the cone with

concrete for 3 layers
Fill 1/3 of the cone with
concrete.
Compact the layer evenly
with the rod.

Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Repeat. Fill 2/3 of the cone and then the

whole cone with concrete.
Compact the layer evenly with the rod.
Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Step 3 : Remove excess

concrete
Remove excess concrete
from the top using the
tamping rod.

Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Step 4 : Raise the Cone

Take out the cone vertically
without touching the
concrete.

Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Step 5 : Measure the Concrete

Lay a straight edge on
top of slump cone.
Measure the amount
of slump in inches
from the bottom of
the edge to the top of
slump.
Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Complete the operation within

2 minutes

Prepared by Lee Pei Gie

Concrete
Strength &
Workability

Prepared by Yong Seen Yee & Than Lek Mei

Concrete strength and workability are affected

by several factors which include:
1. Water ( cement ratio as per required strength )
2. Aggregate ( cement ratio as per required
strength )
3. Shape of aggregate

Prepared by Yong Seen Yee

1. Water
Workability of concrete
increase.
The higher will be the
fluidity of concrete.

Prepared by Yong Seen Yee

Disadvantage
Bleeding in concrete
Cement slurry also escapes through the joints
of formwork
Strength of concrete may reduced
Poor durability

Prepared by Yong Seen Yee

2. Aggregate
Higher the
aggregate/cement ratio
The learner is the concrete
Less quantity paste is
available
Mobility of aggregate is
reduced
Poor workability
Prepared by Yong Seen Yee

Lower the aggregate/cement ratio

The richer is the concrete
More paste is available
Better workability

Prepared by Yong Seen Yee

3. Shape of aggregate

Angular aggregate
Flaky aggregate
Elongated aggregate
Rounded aggregate
Sub-rounded aggregate
Cubical aggregate
Prepared by Than Lek Mei

Rounded Aggregate

Elongated Aggregate

Cubical Aggregate

Angular Aggregate

Prepared by Than Lek Mei

 Reduces the workability

Angular, Flaky &Elongated aggregate
High workability
Rounded and Sub-rounded aggregate

Prepared by Than Lek Mei

Advantages of round and sub-rounded

aggregate
less surface & less void
better lubricating effect
less friction resistance

Prepared by Than Lek Mei

Admixtures

Admixtures are ingredients in concrete other than

portland cement, water, and aggregates that are
added to the mixture immediately before or
during mixing.

They are classified into several types which include:

Water-reducing
Shrinkage-reducing
Corrosion-inhibiting
Prepared by Tee Sin Yi

1. Water-reducing
Functions :
Reduce the quantity of mixing water required to
produce concrete of a certain slump.
Reduce water-cement ratio
Reduce cement content
Increase slump
Typical water reducers reduce water content by
approximately 5% to 10%.
Prepared by Tee Sin Yi

2. Shrinkage-reducing
Functions :
Highly use in bridge decks,
critical floor slabs, and
buildings where cracks and
curling must be minimized
for durability or aesthetic
reasons.
Prepared by Tee Sin Yi

Shrinkage cracks, as
shown on this bridge
deck, can be reduced
with good concentrating
practices and shrinkage
reducing admixtures.

3. Corrosion-inhibiting
Functions :
Concrete for Parking
structures,
Marine structures,
And bridges where
chloride salts are
present.

The damage to this

concrete parking structure
resulted from chlorideinduced corrosion of steel
reinforcement.

Prepared by Tee Sin Yi

Thank You.
- Bachelor of Quantity Surveying Semester 1