GURU NANAK DEV THERMAL PLANT

BATHINDA

HISTORY
Foundation stone of G.N.D.T.P. at bathinda was
laid on 19th November 1969

First unit commissioned

Sept, 1974
Second unit commissioned
Sept, 1975
Third unit commissioned
Mar, 1978
Fourth unit commissioned
Jan, 1979
Each unit have capacity of 120MW

INTRODUCTION
It is a coal-based plant

combustion of coal Heat convert water in

pipes into steam steam run the turbine
Rotates generator three phase electric
supply is produced

Hence basic requirements are :

Fuel (coal)
Boiler
Steam turbine
Generator
Ash handling system
Unit auxiliaries

PLANT LAYOUT

DIFFERENT CELLS OF PLANT

CHP(Coal Handling Plant)
Coal is unloaded from wagons using wagon
tippler
When coal reaches the plant, normal size of coal is
about 500mm primary crusher 120mm
secondary crusher 25mm coal mill
pulverized coal feeded in boiler.

Wagon tippler

 BOILER
Coal burnt heat (15000 C) Superheated
Steam(high P & T) in boiler pipes
Turbine(power obtained)

TURBINE
steam rotates turbine at 3,000 rpm Rotates
power generator electricity produced

CIRCULATING WATER PUMP

Two nos. of circulating water pumps provided
for each unit.
One for steam cycle in turbine-condenserboiler
2nd for condenser-cooling tower water cycle
Each have capacity of 17200 T/hr

COOLING TOWER
These are massive ferro-concrete structure
having hyperbolic profile creating natural
draught of air responsible for achieving the
cooling effect.
Height -- 120 m
Cooling capacity 18000 T/hr for every 100c

ASH PRECIPITATORS
Fly ash carried by outgoing flue gases is
arrested at two stages
a) Mechanical precipitators ash particles
are separated out by centrifugal action.
b) Electrostatic Precipitators ash particles
pass through high voltage electric field,
particles get ionized and are attracted towards
the collecting electrodes.

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

PROJECT
WATER TREATMENT
to prepare boiler
friendly feed water
COAL TESTING
to calculate the grading
of coal

WATER TREATMENT
Natural water is available in abundance, but it
contains impurities in many forms which are
as :
Cationic
Anionic
Undissolved (suspended)
Gaseous

TYPES OF IMPURITIES
Cationic

Anionic

Un-Dissolved

Gaseous

Calcium

Bicarbonate

Turbidity, silt, mud,

dirt and other
suspended matter

Carbon dioxide

Magnesium

Carbonate

colour

Hydrogen Sulphide

Sodium

Hydroxide

Organic matter

Ammonia

Potassium

Sulphate

Colloidal silica

Methane

Ammonium

Chloride

Oil

Oxygen

Manganese

Phosphate

Corrosion products
(condensate)

Chlorine

Iron

Silica

HARDNESS AND SCALING

Bicarbonates or carbonates of Ca and Mg form
soft scale Temporary Hardness Deposits
as soft scale in boiler pipes.
Non-Carbonates of Ca and Mg (e.g.- Sulphates
,Chlorides) permanent hardness
Deposits as hard scale in boiler pipes, which is
difficult to remove.

When pH of feed water to boiler is below the

recommended range chances of corrosion
increases, and when it is above recommended
value then chances of scaling increases.

Corrosion

Scaling

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCALING

Decrease operating efficiency

Thermal damage
Reduced working life of a boiler
Increased cleaning time and cleaning costs

WATER TREATMENT STEPS

1. Pre-Treatment of water
Make water free from suspended, colloidal
and organic impurities.
process involved in pre-treatment are :a)Settling and Coagulation(using Alum)
b)Filtration-Clay ,Colloids ,algae etc.

SETTLING AND COAGULATION

Alum is mixed in water to make solid particles
settle down.

Water from
lakes

Clear well

DEMINERALISATION SYSTEM
It is an ion exchange process with following
steps :-

i) Conversion of salts to their corresponding

acids by hydrogen cat-ion exchanger
ii)Removal of acids by anion exchangers
Two exchangers are normally in series. Normally
cat-ion precedes the anion exchanger

WORKING OF DM PLANT

Cation exchanger mainly removes Calcium,

Magnesium, sulfates, chloride , nitrates and
sodium salts alkalinity from raw water

Water from sand

filters

Degasser

Carbon dioxide generated by dissociation of

carbonic acid at cation outlet water, is
removed by degasser system
Cation
Exchanger

Anion
Exchanger

Anion exchangers remove the highly

dissociated acids (like H2So4, HNo3, Hcl ) from
the effluent of cation exchanger

Degasser

Mixed bed
Deioniser

COAL TESTING
Coal used is Bituminous
Carbon = (60-70) %
Ash
= (30-40) %
Moisture < (2) %
Calorific Value = (3500-4500) Kcal/Kg

THANKS ..!!