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Indian Power

Sector
Overview
Submitted by :Alok Yadav
1103021006
February,26

Power : The Building Block of


Economy
Electricity- the most imp. Infrastructural
input in the dev. & growth of economy.
Consumption of electricity- imp. Index of
advancement of the country & standard of
living.
Economic growth rate of 8-9% on a
sustained basis is necessary for us to
catch up with the rest of the world.

POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS


Generation
Dhuvaran

Primary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)
Karamsad
CB

Power Plant

Xmer
Sending end SS
(11/220kV)
Commercial/
Industrial
Customer

CB Bus-bar

220 kV

Steel Tower

Primary Grid
(220/66 kV)

Bus-bar

66 kV
Transmission

GCET

Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)

Distribution Transformer
Primary
(11/0.415 kV)

Urban
Customers

Distribution

V V Nagar

Secondary Grid

Secondary Distribution

(66/11 kV)

Distribution
Pole

Underground Cable

To Other
Residential
Customer

Residential
Customer

66Kv

Substations

GENERATION

Thermal Power Plant


Hydro Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant
Gas Power Plant
Combine Cycle plant

Solar
Tidal
Wind
Geothermal
Bio-mass
Fuel cells

Energy Resource Map Of India


Hydro

Hydro potential in North


east and upper part of
Northern Region
Coal reserves
Eastern Region

Coal

mainly

in

Distribution of energy
resources and consumption
centres are extremely
unbalanced
Necessitate power transfer
over long distances

Development of the Electricity


Industry in the last 50 yrs.
The industry has mainly developed through
State controlled instruments.
Until 1975 dev. mainly through SEBs/electricity
deptts. controlled by the respective state govts.
1975 The Electricity (supply) Act was
amended. Intervention of the central govt in
development of generation facilities led to the
formation of NTPC, NHPC
Effect of this intervention started being felt in
early 80s.

Current Scenario in India


Power Installed Capacity : 1,73,635 MW
Energy Generation (p.a.) : 788355 MU
Supply Demand Gap: 9.8 % Peak
: 8.5% Average
Per Capita Power Consumption : 850 kWh
PLF

: 75.07%

ALL INDIA INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY


Central
Sector:
54412 MW
State Sector:
82452 MW
Private
Sector:
36761 MW
All India:
173625 MW

SOURCE:
CEA

Electricity Demand Projections


Year

Total Electricity Required


( Billion kWhr)

7%
2011-12
2016-17
2021-22
2026-27
2031-32
Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India

Installed Capacity (MW)

GDP Growth Rate


8%
7%

8%

1031

1097

206757

219992

1377

1524

276143

305623

1838

2118

368592

424744

2397

2866

480694

574748

3127

3880

627088

778095

Growth of Indias Power Sector


serious growth after the 60s

Growth of the Indian Power


Sector : INSTALLED CAPACITY
INSTALLED CAPACITY went up from1.36 GW
in 1947 to more than 167 GW as of 31.11.10;
capacity comparable to UK / GERMANY.

Or a targeted 9.5% growth in the power sector, a


capacity addition of 78,577 MW has been
proposed for the 11th Plan

Plant Load Factor


1 per cent increase in PLF effectively means
capacity addition of approx 1000 MW (requiring
nearly Rs.4000 Cr.)
Increasing the PLF of SEB plants would reduce the
cost of supply and benefit the SEBs.

Growth of Indian Power Sector: TRANSMISSION


SYSTEM
Required development of high voltage transmission
system did suffer in the early years.
During 80s, when NTPC had the jurisdiction of creating HV
transmission system along with their super thermal power
stations, transmission side of the industry got a boost.
Subsequently, PGCIL was formed out of NTPC and from
1992, PGCIL has added significantly towards creation of
HV transmission system and development of the national
grid
Transmission sector opened up for private sector
participation with the amendment of the Electricity Act in
1998

MAJOR REASONS FOR POWER


SECTOR ILLS
Inadequate power generation capacity;
Lack of optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity;
Inefficient use of electricity by the end
consumer;
Inadequate inter-regional transmission links;
Huge T&D losses (theft) and skewed tariff
structure.

Evolution of Grid Interconnection in India

National
Regional
State
Local

1950s

1960s

1970s

1990s

National Grid
Focus of planning the generation and the
transmission system shifted from the
orientation of regional self-sufficiency to
the concept of optimization of utilization of
resources on All India basis
A strong National Grid system would
enable such an all-India generation
planning and development

Objectives underlying the


formation of National Grid
To transfer power from surplus regions to
deficit regions
Utilise
maximum
diversified regions

resources

from

Ensure reliable, economical and quality


power

Acquiring Right of Way (ROW) for constructing transmission system is


getting increasingly difficult. This necessitates creation of high capacity
Transmission Highways , so that in future, constraints in ROW
do not become bottleneck in harnessing natural resources

Four major power regions of the country namely,


North-Eastern, Eastern, Western and Northern are

NATIONAL GRID :THE ADVANTAGES

STRONG BACKBONE ANYWHERE TO ANYWHERE


TRADING
ECONOMIC OPERATION
OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF SCARCE NATIONAL
RESOURCE
ADDED STABILITY
BOUNDARY-LESS OPERATION

THE NATIONAL GRID ENVISAGED BY POWERGRID IS A


HYBRID NETWORK COMPRISING A 765 kV HUB WITH 400
kV AC AND 500kV HVDC SPOKES

Institutional Framework
Central Power Organization
GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA

DEPT. OF
ATOMIC
ENERGY

NRB

AEC

NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
COUNCIL

NPC

CENTRAL
ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY

PLANNING
COMMISSION

NJPC

STATE
GOVERNMEN
T

MINISTRY
OF POWER

MNES

DVC
BBMB

THDC

NTPC
NHPC
NEEPCO

ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
CENTRE

CERC

PGCIL

NPTI
CPRI

PFC
REC

Lets have a look on

Electricity Acts

The Indian Electricity Act,


1910
Provided basic framework for electric supply
industry in India.
Growth of the sector through licensees. License
by State Govt.
Provision for license for supply of electricity in a
specified area.
Legal framework for laying down of wires and
other works.

The Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948


Mandated creation of SEBs.
Need for the State to step in (through
SEBs) to extend electrification (so far
limited to cities) across the country.

The Electricity Regulatory


Commission Act, 1998
Provision for setting up of Central / State
Electricity Regulatory Commission with
powers to determine tariffs.
Constitution of SERC optional for States.
Distancing of Government from tariff
determination.

Electricity Act 2003


It is a comprehensive legislation replacing Electricity
Act 1910, Electricity Supply Act 1948 and
Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998.
The aim is to push the sector onto a trajectory of
sound commercial growth and to enable the States
and the Centre to move in harmony and coordination.
The objective is to introduce competition, protect
consumers interests and provide power for all.

References
Modern Power System Analysis
(By D P Kothari | I J Nagrath)
Wikipedia
Slideshare.net
www.ieee.org

Any
Question ?

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