c02 Wcdma Rno Handover in Wcdma

OWJ104104 WCDMA
Handover analysis
ISSUE 1.0
Wireless Curriculum Development Section
Objectives
Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:
How
to
configure
the
handover
parameters
How to do at handover optimization
2
Confidential Information of Huawei.
No Spreading without Permission.
Security Level: Internal
Course Contents
Chapter 1Introduction
Chapter 2 handover principle
Chapter 3 SHO Optimization
Chapter4 Inter-RAT Optimization
3
Introduction
In
WCDMA system, there are soft handover, Intra
frequent
hard
handover,
Inter
frequent
hard
handover, Inter system handover. Handover is the

most important part of mobile manage.
It plays
very important role in RNO of WCDMA system .
4
Chapter 2 Handover principle
2.1 Intra-frequency measurement
2.2 Hard handover measurement
2.3 Handover algorithms review
2.4 Handover parameters review
5
Intra-frequency measurement
Event 1A: A primary pilot channel enters the reporting range

When the measurement values satisfy the following formulas, the UE deems that a primary pilot
channel has entered the reporting range,the trig condition for Ec/Io:
NA
10 log M new CIOnew W .10.Log M i (1 W ).10. log M best ( R H1a / 2)

i 1
MNew is the measurement result of the cell that has entered the reporting range
CIOnew is the cell individual offset which is configured for neighbor cells of
servicing cell
Mi is the measurement result of the cells in the active set
NA is the number of cells in the current active set
MBest is the measurement result of the best cell in the current active set
W is the weight factor
R is the reporting range. With the signal strength as an example, R equals to the
signal strength of the best cell in the current active set minus a value
H1a is the hysteresis value of event 1A

6

Event 1B: A primary pilot channel leaves the reporting range

When the following formulas are satisfied, the UE deems that a primary pilot
channel has left the reporting range .trig condition for Ec/Io:
10 log M old CIOold
NA
W .10.Log M i (1 W ).10. log M best ( R H1b / 2)

i 1
MOld is the measurement result of the cell that has left the reporting range
CIOold is the cell individual offset which is configured for neighbor cells of
servicing cell
Mi is the measurement result of the cell in the active set
NA is the number of cells in the current active set
MBest is the measurement result of the best cell in the current active set
W is the weighted factor
R is the reporting range
H1b is the hysteresis value of event 1B

Event 1C:
The primary pilot channel in a non active set is better than the
primary pilot channel in an active set

When the following formulas are satisfied, a non-active set cell replaces an old
active set cell and becomes an active set cell.trig condition for Ec/Io:
10 log M new CIOnewInAS W .10 .LogM InAS CIOInAS H1c / 2
MNew is the measurement result Ec/Io of the cell not included in the active set.
CIONew is the individual cell offset for the cell becoming better than the cell in the
active set if an individual cell offset is stored for that cell. Otherwise it is equal to 0.
MInAS is the measurement result Ec/Io of the cell in the active set with the lowest
measurement result.
CIOInAS is the individual cell offset for the cell in the active set that is becoming
worse than the new cell
H1c is the hysteresis parameter for the event 1C, which is Hystfor1C.
8

Event
1D: The best cell changes
When the following formulas are satisfied, the best cell will be
changed .trig condition for Ec/Io:
10 log M NotBest 10 . log M best H1D / 2
MNotBest is the measurement result Ec/Io of a cell not stored

in "best cell".
MBest is the measurement result Ec/Io of the cell stored in

"best cell".
H1d is the hysteresis parameter for the event 1D, which is

Hystfor1D
9

10
Hard handover measurement
Event 2D:
The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a
certain threshold. Event 2D can be used to enable the compressed mode to

perform inter-frequency measurement.
Qcarrier j 10 LogM carrier j
NA j
W j 10 Log M i j (1 W j ) 10 LogM Best j H / 2,

i 1
Qcarrierj is the logarithmic form of the estimated quality value of frequency j
Mcarrier j is the estimated quality value of frequency j
Mi j is the measurement result of cell i with the frequency of j in the virtual
active set
NA j is the number of cells with the frequency of j in the virtual active set
MBest j is the measurement result of the best cell with the frequency of j in
the virtual active set
Wj is the weight factor
H is the hysteresis value

11

Hard handover measurement
Event 2F:
The estimated quality value of the used frequency is higher than a
certain threshold. Event 2F can be used to disable the compressed mode to stop
inter-frequency measurement .
Qcarrier j 10 LogM carrier j
NA j
W j 10 Log M i j (1 W j ) 10 LogM Best j H / 2,

i 1
Qcarrierj is the logarithmic form of the estimated quality value of frequency j
Mcarrier j is the estimated quality value of frequency j
Mi j is the measurement result of cell i with the frequency of j in the virtual

active set
NA j is the number of cells with the frequency of j in the virtual active set
MBest j is the measurement result of the best cell with the frequency of j in
the virtual active set
Wj is the weight factor
H is the hysteresis value

12
13
Handover Algorithms review
Soft
Inter-RAT
14
Handover algorithms review: SHO
When event 1A report is received, if the active set is not full,

then links are sequenced and added in the order of good
quality to poor quality (CPICH Ec/No) (in case that multiple
cells report event 1A), until the active set is full; if the active
set is already full, no processing will be made.
When event 1B is received, if there are more than one links in

the active set, then the braches are sequenced and removed
in the order of poor quality to good quality (CPICH Ec/No) (in
case that multiple cells report event 1B), until only one link is
left; if there is only one in the active set, no processing will be
made.
15

Handover algorithms review: SHO
In case of event 1C, the UE will report the replacing and

replaced cells in the event trigger list. If the active set is not full,
then the triggered cell link will be added; if the active set is
already full at this moment and the replaced cell is not the best
cell in the active set, then this cell link will be removed.
In case of event 1D, if the triggered cell is an active set cell, then
it will be marked as the best cell and measurement control is
updated; if the triggered cell doe not belong to the active set,
then this cell link will be added (if the active set is full, one of the
non-best cell will be removed before this link is added) and
marked as the best cell, with measurement control updated.
16

Handover algorithms review: Inter-RAT
Inter-system handover is enabled only in cells located at the

verge of WCDMA FDD system coverage.
For inter-system handover, CPICH RSCP is used as the

physical measurement quantity and events 2D and 2F are
used to decide enabling or disabling the compressed mode.
For inter-system handover, three compressed mode style

sequences are used for concurrent measurement of GSM
RSSI, BASIC identification and BASIC reconfirm, and the
configuration of parameters is oriented to the cell type.
17
Handover algorithms review: Inter-RAT
Periodic measurement reports are used for inter-system

handover, and the RNC decides whether to implement hard
handover according to the measurement reports.
Handover Evaluation, while the compressed mode is started

and this following formulas is satisfied, Inter-system handover
will be implemented. .
Mother_RAT + CIO Tother_RAT + H/2
Mother_RAT is the estimated quality value RSSI of inter-system frequency
Tother_RAT
is the GSM RAT measurement init_threshold, the minimum
signal Rxlev requirement for GSM cell as a handover target cell.
CIO is Cell individual offset , the measurement signal Rxlev offset for GSM
cell
H is the hysteresis for GSM RSSI threshold.

18
19
Handover parameters review-SHO
Report
range (SHO relative threshold )
Intra-frequency
Time
measurement filter coefficient
to Trigger
Hysteresis
CIO
(cell individual offset)
20

Report
range (SHO relative threshold )
The relative threshold parameters for soft handover include

IntraRelThdFor1A (relative threshold for event 1A) and
IntraRelThdFor1B (relative threshold for event 1B) .
The parameters determine the size of the soft handover area

and the soft handover subscriber proportion. If report range is
too larger, monitor cell adds to active set cell very easily, soft
handover area is too larger and the forward capacity will be
waste serious; if the 1A and 1B report range is too small,

monitor cell is difficult to join to active cell and SHO cant
implement smoothly, and handover success rate may be low
21

Intra-frequency
The
filter
is
measurement filter coefficient

configured
at
Layer
intra-frequency
measurement report. This parameter used to smooth the

influence of shadow fading and some fast fading burrs.
The bigger the filter coefficient is, the stronger the smoothing
capability of the burr will be, but the lower the signal tracing
capacity will be. If if this parameter is too small, unnecessary
soft handover and ping pong handover will influence the
system; if the filter is too bigger, soft handover cant
implement in time and the call will always dropped in

handover area .
22

Time
to Trigger
The effect of the time-to-trigger is that the report is triggered

only after the conditions for the event have existed for the
specified time-to-trigger
Mobile stations moving at different speeds respond differently

to the time-to-trigger value. The call drop rate is more
sensitive to the time-to-trigger value when the mobile station is
in high-speed movement, while it is less sensitive when the
mobile station is in low-speed movement, and ping-pong

handover and mis-handover are suppressed to a certain
extent
23
Hysteresis
To
parameter related to SHO
limit the amount of event-triggered reports.
The bigger the hysteresis is, the stronger the signal fluctuation
resistance capability will be, and the better the ping pong
effect will be suppressed; however, the response speed of the

handover algorithm on signal changes will be decreased.
Therefore, the radio environment (slow fading characteristics),
the actual handover distance and the user moving speed
should be fully considered for the setting of this parameter.
24
CIO
(Cell Individual Offset )
This
offset mechanism provides the network with an efficient
tool to change the reporting of an individual primary CPICH .
The bigger this parameter is, the more easily soft handover
will occur, and the more UEs will be in the soft handover state,
but the more forward resources will be occupied; the smaller
this parameter is, the more difficultly soft handover will occur,
which will be likely to affect the receiving quality .
25
Handover parameters review-HHO
compressed
mode enable /disable threshold (2D/2F
Event threshold )
GSM
filter
RSSI threshold
coefficient
Time
to Trigger
Hysteresis
CIO
(cell individual offset)
26

2D/2F
Event threshold
UE will start compressed mode and measure GSM signal as
a handover target cell when the value of RSCP is below the

setting. UE will stop compressed mode l when the value of
WCDMA cell RSCP is higher than the setting.
if the compressed mode is expected to start as early as

possible, set the 2D event threshold to a relatively big value;
otherwise, set it to a relatively small value. To control the ping
pong effect of the compressed mode start/stop, increase
appropriately the difference between the thresholds for 2D

event and 2F .
27
filter
The
coefficient
hysteresis for GSM RSSI threshold and the setting of
which can reduce the probability of mis-decision caused by

signal jitter .
28

Time
to Trigger
If the inter-RAT quality always satisfies the inter-RAT

handover decision condition within the time specified by this
parameter, the network will start the inter-RAT handover
process
In high-speed cells, as mobile stations usually move fast, they

pass through the handover area very quickly. In addition, as
the shadow fading variance in a high-speed cell is small and
signal jitter after filtered by mobile stations is relatively small,

this parameter can be set to 2000ms or lower for high-speed
cells.
29
Hysteresis
The
hysteresis for GSM RSSI threshold and the setting of
which can reduce the probability of mis-decision caused by

signal jitter.
30
CIO
The
measurement signal Rxlev offset for GSM cell .
The bigger this parameter is, the higher the handover priority
of the GSM cells will be .
31
Course Contents
32
Soft Handover Optimization
SHO
Optimization Target
Drive
Routes
Optimization
Solution
Optimization
Analysis approach
33
SHO
Optimization Target
In the early phase of the network, from KPI target, soft

handover success rate for event 1A&1B&1C should be larger
than 95%, and the call drop rate should be smaller than 5%.
34
Drive
Routes
In the early phase of the network, because KPI result dont

change in evidence prior and post optimization, GPS drive test
is very important .It is essential to use identical drive routes
prior and post any optimization changes in order to accurately

quantify the impact of such changes.
35
Optimization
Solution
Many handover problems can be resolved through adjusting

the soft handover parameters, such as:
1A & 1B report range
time
to trigger
intra-frequceny measurement filter coefficient
CIO
hysteresis
36
Soft Handover Optimization: Optimization

Analysis approach
Small
handover area
The active set quality decreases quickly but the good quality
monitor cell cant add to active set in time.
This issue may be RNP problem but sometime this cant be

resolved at RF optimization stage and also could be due to
soft handover configuration problem .
Enlarge 1A &1B&CIO report range to make the UE monitor
cell easily add to active set;
Short 1A time to trig to make the measurement report in time,
also can optimize the intra-frequency measurement coefficient;
37

CIO
Handover optimization example
After setting 3dB CIO of 506 and 505 cell, we can see that the
drop calls between 505 and 506 decreased. (Left picture is
before optimization)
38
Soft Handover Optimization: Optimization

Analysis approach
Ping-Pong
handover
The active set cell change frequently between the same cells.
This issue may be RF problem, and also cell soft handover
configuration problem.
Cells with many Ping-Pong handover may be causing call
dropped and poorer cell capacity.
This can enlarge intra-frequency measurement coefficient and
time to trigger.
39

Ping-Pong
handover example
The ping-pong handover of 505 cell and 506 cell

can be seen.
40
Course Contents
41
Inter-RAT Optimization
Presently, the main purpose of inter-RAT handover is to
extend the signal coverage range, so that the UEs at the
verge of WCDMA coverage can implement handover to the
GSM system without communication interruption.
The configuration GSM neighbor list of WCDMA cells is very
important and always make wrong. At the same time, the
parameters optimization is very important.
The optimization solution is parameters configuration such as:

2D & 2F Event threshold, GSM RSSI threshold, Inter-RAT
handover trigger time, intra-frequceny measurement filter
coefficient, CIO and Hysteresis.

42
43

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OWJ104104 WCDMA

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:

How to do at handover optimization

Security Level: Internal

Security Level: Internal

WCDMA system, there are soft handover, Intra

handover, Inter system handover. Handover is the

very important role in RNO of WCDMA system .

Security Level: Internal

Chapter 2 Handover principle

2.1 Intra-frequency measurement

2.2 Hard handover measurement

2.3 Handover algorithms review

2.4 Handover parameters review

Security Level: Internal

Event 1A: A primary pilot channel enters the reporting range

10 log M new CIOnew W .10.Log M i (1 W ).10. log M best ( R H1a / 2)

Mi is the measurement result of the cells in the active set

NA is the number of cells in the current active set

W is the weight factor

H1a is the hysteresis value of event 1A

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Security Level: Internal

Event 1B: A primary pilot channel leaves the reporting range

W .10.Log M i (1 W ).10. log M best ( R H1b / 2)

Mi is the measurement result of the cell in the active set

NA is the number of cells in the current active set

W is the weighted factor

R is the reporting range

H1b is the hysteresis value of event 1B

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Security Level: Internal

primary pilot channel in an active set

10 log M new CIOnewInAS W .10 .LogM InAS CIOInAS H1c / 2

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Security Level: Internal

1D: The best cell changes

10 log M NotBest 10 . log M best H1D / 2

MNotBest is the measurement result Ec/Io of a cell not stored

MBest is the measurement result Ec/Io of the cell stored in

H1d is the hysteresis parameter for the event 1D, which is

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Security Level: Internal

Chapter 2 Handover principle

2.1 Intra-frequency measurement

2.2 Hard handover measurement

2.3 Handover algorithms review

2.4 Handover parameters review

Security Level: Internal

Hard handover measurement

The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a

certain threshold. Event 2D can be used to enable the compressed mode to

Qcarrier j 10 LogM carrier j

W j 10 Log M i j (1 W j ) 10 LogM Best j H / 2,

Qcarrierj is the logarithmic form of the estimated quality value of frequency j

Mcarrier j is the estimated quality value of frequency j

Mi j is the measurement result of cell i with the frequency of j in the virtual

Wj is the weight factor

H is the hysteresis value

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Security Level: Internal

Hard handover measurement

The estimated quality value of the used frequency is higher than a