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NMR Spectroscopy
Big Picture
13C
NMR
nonequivalent carbons
O Chemical shift
O Alkane, alkene, aromatic carbons
O Presence (or absence) of bonded electron
1H
(proton) NMR
nonequivalent hydrogens
O Chemical shift
O Alkane, alkene, aromatic hydrogens
O Presence (or absence) of nearby electron
H, and possibly O
O Check M, M+2 peaks
O Two peaks of equal intensity Br present
O Two peaks, M+2 about 1/3 of M Cl
present
CH3CH2
CH3CH2CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH2
H3C
CH3
CH2
CH
HC
2
CH3
CH3CH2CH2
And (CH3)2CH
M-15 (CH3)
H3C
H3C
CH3
C
CH3
CH2
CH3CH2
(CH3)3C
M-15 (CH3)
13C
NMR
carbons
O Chemical shift
O High C=O (150-220 ppm)
O Mid alkene, aromatic, nitrile
O Low
O 15-60 ppm sp3 C
O 20-90 ppm sp3 C bonded to electronegative
atom
H (Proton) NMR
O Low
O H on sp3 C 0.9 1.8 ppm
O H on sp3 C next to C=O or C=C (alkene or aromatic),
alkyne H 2-3 ppm
O H on sp3 C bonded to halogen, N or O 3.0-4.2
ppm
O NH or OH 1-6 ppm
H (Proton) NMR
each signal
O When done manually, results may be a bit
off
O Splitting patterns
O Split into n+1 peaks, n= number of H on
adjacent carbons
O More than 4 peaks may be hard to interpret
correctly