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Secondary Prevention
Includes screening for the purpose of early diagnosis and
treatment of disease, as well as disability limitation.
Secondary prevention services take place after the onset
of illness or injury, in the presence of pathology.
e.g., breast and prostate screening, osteoporosis
screening, medical pre-placement evaluations.
Tertiary Care
Encompasses traditional physical therapy
services.
Health status of patient will determine if information falls
under primary, secondary, or tertiary care.
e.g., A diabetic patient receiving rehabilitation for an
amputation would be receiving tertiary care.
Prepathogenesis Period
Health
Promotion
Health
Protection
Period of Pathogenesis
Preventative Early
Health
Diagnosis
Services
and
Prompt
Treatment
Primary Prevention
Disability
Limitation
Secondary
Prevention
Rehabilitation
Tertiary
Prevention
Health Promotion
A combination of educational and environmental
programs or actions that are conducive
to health.
Combination Component
Variety of learning experiences (interventions)
are necessary to influence change.
Interventions from other healthcare providers
may be enlisted.
e.g., Nutrition, hormone therapy, and therapeutic
exercise are combined as part of the
osteoporosis intervention program.
Education Component:
Health Education
Any combination of learning experiences designed
to facilitate voluntary actions conducive to help.
Health education activities are planned out and are
voluntary.
Examples:
Counseling patients on the risks of smoking.
An osteoporosis program.
Teaching children how to carry and load their backpacks
safely.
Environmental Component
Encompasses social forces that influence health:
social, political, economic, organizational, policy,
and regulatory issues.
Individual and social/regulatory activities are
included.
Individuals vocational policies must be
considered to assist with positive responses
(e.g., nonsmoking policy at work).
Preventative Health
Services
Traditional medical
system efforts to
prevent injury and
illness.
Wellness
1. Multidimensional concept.
2. Has salutogenic focus (what causes
health).
3. Uses a systems perspective.
4. Size of each dimension within systems
theory represents the amount of
wellness an individual possesses.
Dimensions of Wellness
Physical
Psychological
Social
Emotional
Spiritual
Intellectual
Measurement of Wellness
Reflects the multidimensionality and systems
orientation of the concept and has a healthcausing (salutogenic) focus.
Functional status in
self-care and homemanagement
activities
Work
Community
Leisure activities
Perceptual Construct
General health perceptions
Life satisfaction
Perceived wellness
General well-being
Morale
Happiness
Establishing a Wellness-Based
Practice
Facility is open and staffed at convenient hours.
Staff has expertise in exercise prescription and
wellness.
Educational classes (nutrition, exercise, etc.) tap
the intellectual aspect.
Provider often assumes the role of a facilitator.
Summary
Classification of prevention primary, secondary,
tertiary.
Health promotion and wellness primary prevention.
Most rehabilitation secondary or tertiary.
The terms health promotion and health education are
often used interchangeably.
Wellness is multidimensional salutogenic and requires a
systems perspective.
Perceptual measures (screening) good predictors of
general well-being.
Wellness Looking beyond physical domains and
biomedical model.
Copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins