LETURER PROFILE

DR. ANDRI CAHYO KUMORO, ST, MT

EDUCATIONS:
S.T. (Chemical Engineering) (Gadjah Mada University) (1996)
M.T. (Chemical Engineering) (Gadjah Mada University) (1998)
Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering) (Universiti of Malaya) (2007)

SUBJECTS TAUGHT:
PHYSICS 1
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:
1. American Chemical Society
2. Society of Petroleum Engineer
3. Institution of Engineer Malaysia
4. International Association of Engineer
5. Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

ACHIEVEMENTS:
UNDIPs LECTURER OF THE YEAR 2011

WHOs WHO IN THE WORLD 2011 (USA)

NATIONAL LECTURER OF THE YEAR 2011 FINALIST DIKTI BEST RESEARCHER AWARD 2010

PHYSICS 1 SILABUS
VECTOR IN PHYSICS

VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

THE PROJECTILES

FORCES AND NEWTON LAWS

WORK AND ENERGY

FLUIDS STATIC AND DYNAMICS

CHAPTER I

VECTOR in PHYSICS
Physical
measurement

Quantity, unit
distance, volume, mass, length, etc

(scalar)

Mechanical
measurement
(vector)

Quantity, unit, direction

velocity, acceleration, force,
displacement

 Scalar
Parameters possessing magnitude
Examples: mass, volume, temperature

but

not

direction.

Vector
Parameters possessing magnitude and direction which add
according to the parallelogram law.
Examples: displacements, velocities, accelerations.

Displacement/position
There
are
many
distance at 20 m from
the adventurer

Convention on a VECTORs Representation

Scale: 1 cm = 4 m

direction

magnitude

Free body diagram of a vector should include:

a scale
a vector arrow (with a head and a tail) in a specified direction.
the magnitude
direction of the vector is clearly labeled with angle of rotation
or a common direction sign (E, N, W, S).

The direction of a vector is often expressed as an

angle of rotation of the vector about its "tail" from
either east, west, north, or south.
(A vector can be said to have a direction of 40 degrees North of
West (meaning a vector pointing West has been rotated 40
degrees towards the northerly direction)

The direction of a vector is often expressed as an

counterclockwise angle of rotation of the vector about
its "tail" from due East.

Representing the Magnitude of a Vector

Multiplication of a vector by a scalar

Resultants
The resultant is the vector sum of two or more
vectors. It is the result of adding two or more vectors
together. If displacement vectors A, B, and C are
added together, the result will be vector R and can be
determined by the use of an accurately drawn,
scaled, vector addition diagram.
A

A+B+C=R
R

Vector Addition: Purely vertical and horizontal direction

Vector Addition in Newton Law

Vector Addition: Non purely vertical/horizontal direction

The Common Used Rules and Methods:

The Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric methods
The head-to-tail method using a scaled vector diagram

Solving Vector Additions

Resultant can be obtained from a rough sketch of the
vectors drawn with appropriate scale (magnitude) and
direction.
Resultant
can
also
be
determined
mathematical/analytical methods:
Algebra
Trigonometry
Geometry

using

 force: action of one body on another;

characterized by its point of application,
magnitude, line of action, and sense.

Experimental evidence shows that the

combined effect of two forces may be
represented by a single resultant force.
The resultant is equivalent to the diagonal
of a parallelogram which contains the two
forces in adjacent legs.

 Trapezoid rule for vector addition

Triangle rule for vector addition
Law of cosines,
C
B
C

R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B

R PQ

Law of sines,
B

sin A sin B sin C

P
R
Q

The Miracle of Triangle

Right Triangle

c is the hypotenuse
c2 = a 2 + b2

sin (A) = a/c cos (A) = b/c tan (A) = a/b

c

A + B + C = 180
B = 180 (A + 90)

A
b

tan A = a/b

tan B = b/a

These Laws Work for Any Triangles

A + B + C = 180
Law of sines:

a
sin

b
sin

c
sin

Law of cosines:

c2 = a2 + b2 2abCos

Using Trigonometry to Determine a Vector's Direction

Use of Scaled Vector Diagrams

to Determine a Resultant

 Addition of three or more vectors through

repeated application of the triangle rule

The polygon rule for the addition of three or

more vectors.

Problem:
Three vectors: 20 m, 45 deg. + 25 m, 300 deg. + 15 m, 210 deg.
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

Problem:
Three vectors: 15 m, 210 deg. + 25 m, 300 deg. + 20 m, 45 deg.
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

Are they the same?

 Vector addition is commutative,

PQ Q P

Example
Find the resultant of these two force vectors

 Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.

From the Law of Cosines,

R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B
40 N 2 60 N 2 240 N 60 N cos155
R 97.73N
From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B

Q
R
sin A sin B

Q
R

sin 155
A 15.04
20 A
35.04

60 N
97.73 N

Example

(100 km/hr)2 + (25 km/hr)2 = R2

10 000 km2/hr2 + 625 km2/hr2 = R2
10 625 km2/hr2 = R2
SQRT(10 625 km2/hr2) = R
103.1 km/hr = R

tan (theta) = (opposite/adjacent)

tan (theta) = (25/100)
theta = invtan (25/100)
theta = 14.0 degrees

10 m

5 ms/s

(4.0 m/s)2 + (3.0 m/s)2 = R2

16 m2/s2 + 9 m2/s2 = R2
25 m2/s2 = R2
SQRT (25 m2/s2) = R
5.0 m/s = R

tan (theta) = (opposite/adjacent)

tan (theta) = (3/4)
theta = invtan (3/4)
theta = 36.9 degrees

Independence of Perpendicular Components of Motion

Each of these four vectors above has the same vertical component
of force -50N. The four vectors have different horizontal
components of force.
Altering the horizontal component will affect the horizontal motion of
the object to which this force is applied

Four velocity vectors labeled V with varying directions are shown.

The horizontal and vertical components of these vectors are drawn
and labeled.
Note that a northwest vector has a north and a west component and
southeast vector has a south and an east component

The resulting motion of a plane in the presence of wind is

dependent upon the velocity of crosswind.
An alteration of the wind velocity affects the resulting motion but
does NOT affect the velocity at which the plane flies northward.
Perpendicular component of motion are independent each other.

Component Method of Adding Vectors

Component Method of Adding Vectors

Vector x component y
Component
A
Ax = +3.76 cos(34.5
Ax = +3.10 cm
Ay = +3.76 sin(34.5)
Ay = +2.13 cm
B
Bx = -4.53 cos(34.1)
By = +4.53 sin(34.1)
C
Cx = Ax + Bx
Cy = Ay + By

Bx = -3.75 cm
By = +2.54 cm

Cx = -0.65 cm
Cy = +4.67 cm

C2 = Cx2 + Cy2 = 0.652 + 4.672

C = 4.72 cm
tan(q) = 4.67 / 0.65 ; q = 82.1 degrees

Components of Force:

Example:
x

6 N at 135

5 cos 30 = +4.33

5 sin 30 = +2.5

6 cos 45 = - 4.24

6 sin 45 = + 4.24

5 N at 30

+ 0.09

R = (0.09)2 + (6.74)2

= 6.74 N

= arctan 6.74/0.09

= 89.2

+ 6.74

First Condition of Equilibrium

is that the vector sum of all the forces acting on a body
vanishes to zero
F = F1+ F2+ F3+ F4+. . . = 0
F = 0
And really means
Fx = 0 Fy = 0
T1

T2

What forces are exerted by the other two ropes?

Resolve all the forces into their x- and y-components

Fx = 0
Fx = - TL cos 45o + TR cos 30o = 0
- 0.707 TL + 0.866 TR = 0
0.866 T R = 0.707 TL
Fy = 0
Fy = TL sin 45o + TR sin 30o - 98 N = 0
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR - 98 N = 0
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR = 98 N
Now we can substitute,
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR = 98 N
0.866 T R + 0.5 TR = 98 N
( 0.866 + 0.5 ) TR = 98 N
1.366 TR = 98 N
TR = 98 N / 1.366
TR = 71.7 N
0.866 T R = 0.707 TL
TL = (0.866 / 0.707) TR
TL = 1.22 TR
TL = 1.22 ( 71.7 N )
TL =87.8 N

END