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D E E PA K K R .

S I N G H

CONTENTS:

1. Few Questions before we start


2. Architecture/Interfaces of GPRS/EDGE Network
3. Some Important Terminologies
4. GPRS Mobile Types
5. GPRS/EDGE Network Entities
6. Difference between GPRS and EDGE
7. Different Coding Schemes
8. Abis Mapping of TRXs and Dynamic Abis Timeslots
9. Optimisation at Network Interfaces
10. GPRS Radio Capacity
11. GPRS and GSM Resource Sharing
12. Attach/Detach
13. Session Management (PDP Context Activation Scenario)
14. GPRS Mobile States

FEW QUESTIONS BEFORE WE START


1. What is GPRS?
GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service. This is a new technology
intended for data transfer within the existing GSM network. GPRS
provides user with access to public Internet network. In short, GPRS is a
new way of transferring data via mobile phone.
2. Why GPRS?
Reason Why GPRS is so interesting even if a wired/broadband connection is
available is it can be accessed from anywhere. GPRS lets you get to the
information you need, when you need it. It makes your laptop, handled
device, mobile or PDA a true extension of your office. Whether you are in
a taxi, an airport or just in a hurry, GPRS keeps you connected wirelessly.

ARCHITECTURE/INTERFACES OF GPRS/EDGE NETWORK

PCU/NSEI
Air Interface
(Radio)

Um

BTS

UGBI

Abis

Gn

Gb (FR/IP)

BSC

SGSN

Gi
To Internet

GGSN

SOME IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO GPRS


1. Temporary Block Flow:
"A Temporary Block Flow (TBF) is a physical connection used by the
two Radio Resource entities to support the unidirectional transfer
of PDUs on packet data physical channels. The TBF is allocated
radio resource on one or more PDCHs and comprises a number of
RLC/MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDUs. A TBF is
temporary and is maintained only for the duration of the data
transfer.
The TBF is allocated radio resource on one or more PDCHs.
Unidirectional separate TBFs are needed for uplink and downlink
transfer.
2. Radio Network Management:
Mobility management in the GPRS network is handled in a similar way
to the existing GSM system. One or more cells form a Routing Area
(RA),which is a subset of one Location Area (LA). The Routing Area
is unique within a Location Area. Routing Area is defined by
Routing Area Code (RAC).

GPRS MOBILE TYPES


Class A
MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and GSM services.
Class B
MS will be able to register for both GPRS & GSM services. It can only
use one of the two services at a given time.
Class C
- MS can be used for either GPRS or GSM services.

GPRS/EDGE NETWORK ENTITIES


1. PCU: Packet Control Unit-

The PCU controls the GPRS radio resources and acts as the key
unit in
the following procedures:
. GPRS radio resource allocation and management
. Data transfer to End-User through BTS.
. Coding scheme selection
. PCU statistics
It is the main unit for GPRS in BSC.

GPRS/EDGE NETWORK ENTITIES


2. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)Detect and Register new GPRS MS in its serving area
Packet Routing, Transfer & Mobility Management
Authentication, Maintaining user profiles
Its location register stores location info. & user profiles

GPRS/EDGE NETWORK ENTITIES


3. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)-

Interfaces GPRS backbone network & external packet data networks


Stores the current SGSN address and profile of the user in its location
register
Many-to- many relations among SGSNs & GGSNs.
The Most Important: IP Address Management.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GPRS AND EDGE:EGPRS


EDGE is to improve the data rates of GSM by means of enhancing the
modulation methods. EDGE will use three bits per symbol instead
of the one-bit type symbol as in GPRS, thus increasing the data
rates.
Higher data rates dont fit in 16 kbit/s channels used by TRX.
32, 48, 64 or 80 kbit/s Abis links are needed
Fixed Abis allocation of such links would be expensive and would lack
flexibility.
The Dynamic Abis Pool is a shared extra Abis resource for EGPRS
channels.
To use EGPRS at the site, Dynamic Abis Pool (DAP) has to be created
at the Abis Interface. This pool help us to achieve high data rates in
EGPRS. This pool can be of variable size depending upon
user/traffic calculations.
DAP timeslots are also referred to as Extra Nibble Timeslots or Slave
Timeslots.

CODING SCHEMES IN GPRS & EDGE


A higher coding scheme has higher coding rate, and consequently
higher peak throughput, but it also tolerates less noise or
interference.

Several Coding Schemes


help in achieving
optimized throughput in
all type of radio
conditions.

ABIS MAPPING OF TRXS AND DYNAMIC ABIS TIMESLOTS


TSL 0

One master time slot


In case data rate does not fit into 16kbit/s
time slot => always allocate straightly
4*16kbit/s from the "pool"

Example:
16k permanent + 4*16k in the pool

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

TRX 1 BTS 1
TRX 2 BTS 1
TRX 1 BTS 2
TRX 2 BTS 2
TRX 3 BTS 2

TRX 1 BTS 3
TRX 1 BTS 4
TRX 2 BTS 4

POOL

OPTIMISATION AT NETWORK INTERFACES

Interface/Device

What to look at interface/device

Radio

Reserved & Switchable Timeslots

Abis

Extra Nibble Ts/Dynamic Abis Pool/64K


TRAU/Idle TS

PCU

PCU Capacity in terms of Timeslots,


TRXs and cells.

Gb

Gb Utilization

SGSN (Huawei)

UGBI Card Utilization, Attach Success


Rate

Gn/Gi

Gn and Gi BW and Utilization

GGSN

PDP Context Activation Success Rate,


IP Pool Utilization

GPRS RADIO CAPACITY


GPRS Radio Capacity can be divide into three types:

1. Reserved/Dedicated Capacity
2. Switchable/Dynamic Capacity
3. Additional/Upgraded Capacity

Additional Capacity is referred to timeslots that are above and


beyond the Reserved + Switchable Capacity.

GPRS and GSM Resource Sharing


TRX 1

BCCHSDCCH TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TRX 2

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

Additional
GPRS
Capacity

Territory border moves


Dynamically based on both
Circuit and Packet Switched
traffic load

Circuit
Switched
Territory
Packet
Switched
Territory

Dedicated/Reserved
GPRS Capacity
Default
(Switchable+Reserved)
GPRS Capacity

Circuit Switched traffic has priority


Packet Switched territories are defined for each cell
GPRS territories consist of consecutive timeslots

ATTACH & DETACH IN GPRS


GPRS attach
User is registered in SGSN, after authentication check from HLR.
Subscriber Information is downloaded from the HLR to the SGSN
Attach Request
Attach Accepted

GPRS detach
Disconnection of MS from GPRS network is called GPRS detach
It can be initiated by MS or by network(SGSN or HLR)

SESSION MANAGEMENT
Mobile Station applies for PDP address
For each session PDP context is created & it contains

PDP addressed assigned to MS

Address of GGSN that serves specific access point.


With active PDP context only, MS will be able to send or receive
data packets.
Allocation of PDP address can be static or dynamic.

PDP Context Request


155.131.33.55

PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION - 1

(1) MS sends "Activate PDP Context Request"


to SGSN
HLR
BTS

BSC

(2) SGSN checks against HLR

2.
SS7

1.
APN=
"Intranet.Ltd.com"

SGSN
DNS
GPRS
Backbone
IP Network

Access
Point

Intranet

GGSN
Internet
Access Point Name = Reference to an external packet
data network the user wants to connect to

PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION 2: FINDING THE GGSN

(1) SGSN gets the GGSN IP address from DNS


(2) SGSN sends "Create PDP Context Request" to GGSN

BTS

BSC

SGSN

1.

2.

GPRS
Backbone
IP Network

DNS

Access
Point

Intranet

GGSN
Internet
DNS = Domain Name System = mechanism to map logical names to IP addresses

PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION 3: ACCESS POINT SELECTION

Access Point Name refers to the external


network the subscriber wants to use

BTS

BSC

SGSN
DNS
GPRS
Backbone
IP Network

APN=
"Intranet.Ltd.com"

Intranet
GGSN
Internet

PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION 4: CONTEXT ACTIVATED

User (dynamic) IP address allocated


(1) GGSN sends "Create PDP Context
Response" back to SGSN
(2) SGSN sends "Activate PDP Context
Accept" to the MS
BTS

BSC

2.
SGSN

GPRS
Backbone
IP Network
GGSN

Intranet

1.
Internet

GPRS MOBILE STATES


GPRS
Attach/ Detach

Ready

Idle

Packet

Standby

TX/RX
MS location known to

MS location known to
MS location
not known.

Subscriber is not
reachable by the
GPRS NW.

SGSN level.
MS is capable of recieving
Point-to-Multipoint data
and being paged for
Point-to-Point data

cell level.
MS is transmitting or has
just been transmitting.
MS is capable of receiving
Point-to-Point data and
Point-to-Multipoint data.

Thanks

For any questions please write to:


www.alcatel-lucent.com
deepak.x.singh@ericsson.com

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Presentatio
n Title |
Month 2009

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