Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Objectives
At the end of the this chapter participants will be able to
Contents of RANOP
Introduction
What is network optimization
What should be taken into account when starting Network
Optimization?
Assessment
Situation at the moment
Performance optimization
Traffic and Capacity optimization
Coverage Optimization
Frequency Optimization
Neighbor Optimization
HO Optimization
(E)GPRS Optimization
Alarms
Implementations (documentation, good case)
Solution verification
Monitoring
Tools to be used
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
INPUTS
INPUTS
Project
Project
Starts
Starts
Performance
Performance
Problems
Problems
Solution
Solution
Verification
Verification
Are Criterias
Criterias
Are
Fulfilled
Fulfilled
Implementations
Implementations
No
Yes
Monitoring //
Monitoring
Data collection
collection
Data
Project
Project
report
report
Project
Project
Ends
Ends
Assessments &
Assessments
Analysis
Work orders
orders
Work
Analysis
Analysis
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Solutions
Priorization
Priorization
Solutions
Solutions
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Performance Optimization
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
CS / PS Capacity
problems
Downlink coverage problems
Downlink interference problems
Uplink Signaling (access)
problems
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Paging
Optimization
SDCCH
Optimization
Accessibility
Accessibility
Signaling
TCH
Optimization
Retainability
Quality
Traffic / TSLs allocation
Data rates
Get
SDCCH
Establish
SDCCH
connection
Get
TCH
Establish
TCH
connection
Call
phase
Release
phase
Requested
TSLs to
Allocate
TBF
Session
Release
phase
PS MO Uplink TBF
Ready
State
Send
RACH
Establish
immediate
assignment
Get
PDCH
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Performance optimization
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
CS
PS
Accessibility
MM and SM Signaling
Signaling problems
Retainability
TCH Dropped calls
GPRS Attach
PDP Context activatios
Quality
interference
Throughput
Traffic
Traffic handling
Multislot usage
Territory downgrades/upgrades
PS Blocking
Mobility
Soc Classification level
9
Nokia Siemens Networks
Cell reselection
Presentation / Author / Date
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
CS
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Check if TRXSIG is big enough, default value for TRXSIG is 32k.If lots of SMS
traffic + HR is used 64k should be used.
Check if there are any bad interference problems
Bad interference problem can cause lot of repetitions => more blocking
Check CCCH related parameters
Check if location areas are optimized
Sizes
Borders
Soc Classification level
10
Nokia Siemens Networks
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Counter
c1013
c1014
c1029
c1030
c1046
c1047
c1048
c1049
c1050
c1081
c1084
c1085
c1087
c1088
Description
Transactions ended due to radio failure.
Transactions ended due to old channel failure in HO.
Transaction failures due to transcoder failure.
Transaction failures due to transcoder failure on old channel during HO.
Transaction failures due to Lapd problems.
Transaction failures due to BTS problems.
Transaction failures due to user actions.
Transaction failures due to BCSU reset.
Transaction failures due to radio network
Channel activation failures during call.
Abis failures during call.
Abis failures on old channel during TCH HO.
A if failures during call.
A if failures on old channel during TCH HO.
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Excersise
What can be typical reason for TCH radio drops?
Soc Classification level
12
Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Good Quality
HW Problem
All samples below 100dBm
CL10 <-100dBm
High Rv Level
Interference Problem:
Bad quality and
High Rx Level
NWD report 204 model
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
12785
4583
CL10
CL15
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
Q0
5323
23522
28102
67544
6393
2292
CL10
CL15
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
Q0
200863
16543
2654
4543
5114
24
Q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
10228
1123
Q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
8182
583
Q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
6546
452
Q5
3488
7543
10324
9876
112
76
Q6
2791
5643
345
145
24
26
Q7
2232
2345
65
28
23
2
CL10
CL15
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
Q0
5323
11761
14051
33772
3196
1146
Q1
4258
18817
22482
54035
5114
562
Q2
3406
15054
17985
43228
4091
292
Q3
2725
12043
14388
34582
3273
226
Q4
2180
18765
36542
150073
9876
6756
Q5
1744
3772
5162
4938
56
38
Q1
4258
9409
11241
27017
2557
281
Q2
3406
7527
8993
21614
2046
146
Q3
2725
6022
7194
17291
1636
113
Q4
2180
9383
18271
75037
4938
3378
Q5
1744
1886
2581
2469
28
19
Q6
4563
65432
65438
18765
3659
100
Q7
9765
7675
63562
14523
2648
174
Q4
2180
13234
2123
3634
4091
2275
Q5
1744
10588
1699
2908
3273
1187
Q6
1395
8470
1359
2326
2618
876
Q7
1116
6776
1087
1861
4532
654
Interference problem
Q6
1395
2822
173
73
12
13
Q7
1116
1173
33
14
12
1
Q6
7865
1173
33
14
12
0
Q7
6543
234
65
28
23
0
CL10
CL15
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
Q0
5323
23522
28102
67544
6393
9987
Q1
4258
13234
2123
3634
4091
7543
Q2
3406
10588
1699
2908
3273
4323
Q3
2725
8470
1359
2326
2618
3454
Q1
160690
13234
2123
3634
4091
54
Q2
128552
10588
1699
2908
3273
8
Q3
102842
8470
1359
2326
2618
87
Q4
17654
6776
1087
1861
2095
7
Q5
9876
2822
173
73
12
0
1.
2.
3.
4.
Typical normal interference problem., lots of q4q7 samples in good signal level
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
1234
24
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
987
19
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
790
15
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
632
12
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
505
10
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
404
8
q6
2791
5643
845
145
323
6
q7
2232
2345
65
28
259
5
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
1234
24
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
987
19
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
790
15
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
632
12
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
505
10
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
404
8
q6
2791
5643
845
145
323
6
q7
2232
2345
65
28
259
5
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
1234
24
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
987
19
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
790
15
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
632
12
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
505
10
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
404
8
q6
2791
5643
845
145
323
6
q7
2232
2345
65
28
259
5
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
UL examples
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
UL_q0
490
8410
38512
219137
509591
244302
UL_q0
70004
80339
106883
246892
254875
23288
UL_q0
251992
123653
62938
27005
2831
751
UL_q1
137
3768
5249
4600
2504
582
UL_q1
5020
392
233
227
155
21
UL_q1
30668
1151
247
51
3
0
UL_q2
368
3225
3066
2453
1812
711
UL_q2
3500
286
318
314
298
27
UL_q2
20552
403
144
65
9
4
UL_q3
605
3023
2323
2311
3050
1363
UL_q3
2564
461
602
860
935
103
UL_q3
18417
692
288
149
28
10
UL_q4
1014
2767
1692
1470
1271
1713
UL_q4
2232
328
199
298
203
109
UL_q4
18156
519
353
177
87
25
UL_q5
1378
2304
1570
1724
1465
873
UL_q5
1946
250
146
338
135
11
UL_q5
18286
351
129
82
10
1
UL_q6
16983
221
62
40
6
0
UL_q6
1830
1561
1191
1864
1649
671
UL_q6
2190
275
234
395
166
41
UL_q7
12478
72
29
16
0
0
UL_q7
2586
1859
1268
1221
337
87
UL_q7
2579
92
64
60
15
0
DL_q0
27862
89094
142228
222462
44504
5994
DL_q1
5537
4236
2732
1523
91
49
DL_q2
5529
3853
2550
1355
123
17
DL_q3
6069
3576
2356
1552
151
17
DL_q4
6109
2893
1510
716
81
12
DL_q5
6107
2264
1114
812
101
29
DL_q6
5389
1372
774
1081
191
65
Huge amount of UL bad samples. Cells is not working properly, it is like transferring traffic, UL quality/ UL level HOs are
triggering immediately. These kind of cells must be investigated.
DL_q7
4119
584
404
343
88
10
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
CS
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
12785
4583
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
10228
1123
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
8182
583
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
6546
452
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
456
261
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
112
76
q6
2791
5643
845
145
24
26
q7
2232
2345
65
28
23
2
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
12785
4583
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
10228
1123
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
8182
583
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
6546
452
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
456
261
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
112
76
q6
2791
5643
845
145
24
26
q7
2232
2345
65
28
23
2
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
12785
4583
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
10228
1123
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
8182
583
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
6546
452
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
456
261
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
112
76
q6
2791
5643
845
145
24
26
q7
2232
2345
65
28
23
2
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
q0
10645
47043
56204
200863
12785
4583
q1
8516
37634
44963
160690
10228
1123
q2
6813
30108
35971
128552
8182
583
q3
5450
24086
28776
102842
6546
452
q4
4360
9865
16574
17654
456
261
q5
3488
7543
5676
3653
112
76
q6
2791
5643
845
145
24
26
q7
2232
2345
65
28
23
2
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
DL, examples
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
DL_q0
12057
44818
98587
225919
88708
15881
DL_q1
2827
4811
7107
7450
1014
84
DL_q2
3108
5041
7400
7731
971
109
DL_q3
3952
5866
8334
8445
998
122
DL_q4
4783
6587
8470
7726
751
104
DL_q5
6200
7223
8781
7441
688
167
DL_q6
7013
7259
7825
5695
689
199
DL_q7
8156
6781
6162
3369
367
184
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
DL_q0
8006
24951
57559
200602
304206
108047
DL_q1
1636
1636
2171
5771
5464
2134
DL_q2
1681
1627
1884
4686
4310
1908
DL_q3
2197
1767
1651
4130
3796
1623
DL_q4
2379
1037
781
1736
1315
689
DL_q5
2510
431
330
566
350
230
DL_q6
2025
175
161
254
153
129
DL_q7
1290
53
47
97
105
64
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
DL_q0
7055
20109
34531
107539
177614
58718
DL_q1
1398
1307
1053
875
283
78
DL_q2
1374
1274
745
518
316
91
DL_q3
1906
1161
587
630
663
198
DL_q4
2163
694
273
161
61
54
DL_q5
2003
332
131
98
32
40
DL_q6
1468
211
94
113
29
54
DL_q7
832
84
41
47
9
32
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
(internal / external)
Internal Interference
Interference can be seen from stats or can be measured by scanner.
Neighbor cells (DL) or mobiles (UL) are causing interference.
By frequency / network planning interference can be decreased.
External Interference
Interference can be seen from stats or can be measured by scanner.
External radio frequencies are causing interference
Military use
In the border area, interference is coming from other country.
Some external wireless system (for example some wireless industry system)
is causing interference
Increased I level can be also due to external interference
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Traffic layers
1800 (dual band)
CBCCH
Soc Classification level
20
Nokia Siemens Networks
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
cellA
Traffic will be
pushed to neighbor
cells
cellB
Umbrella
Traffic reason HO
DR
CS
Implementations
Blocking in cellA
PBGT
Quality /interference margins
Level margins
HO Features
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
cellC
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
CS
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
HO Features
Umbrella
Traffic reason HO
DR
cellB
cellC
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
cellA
PBGT
Quality /interference margins
Level margins
Implementations
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Performance optimization PS
3. Enough capacity
Enough BSS hardware capacity (interface and connectivity) is
needed to provide the required capacity for PSW services in time.
Both CSW and PSW traffic management should be harmonized
with the layer structure and long term plans.
Soc Classification level
22
Nokia Siemens Networks
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Protocol error
Mainly caused by MS not responding during attach, some possible
reasons:
Radio contact lost
MS out of coverage
Collision of signaling message MS sends Attach Request or Detach
Request when the previous Attach Request is still in process
Typical recommendations:
PS Core settings
Further RF optimization
GPRS detach feature
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Typical failures:
PS Core
Subscribers use incorrect APN during PDP Context Activation
Request
Subscribers/MS keep reattempt with the incorrect APN can badly affect
overall PDP Activation Success Rate
APN of other operators often seen, could because of subscribers using
the same MS with different SIM
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
TBF Failures
Parameter discrepancies
MCA parameters
POC
GPRS_POC
IFP, TFP
SGSN problems
Establishment
No
Failures
Response
TBF
Attempts
Flush
CSW
Suspend
Traffic
Normally
Ended
TBFs
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Transmission problems
EDAP congestion
Gg congestion
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Default territory
1174
5
1179
1181
1180
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
PS
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Project
Ends
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
MSC
A
Ater
Air
interface
BTS
2G
BSC
Abis
BCSU
Gb
SGSN
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
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Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Ater, TC, A
Capacity and pools
BSC
BSC Type, BSC load, Gb links
BCSU, capacity
EDAP/PCU Type, Load
Site
Antennas, BTS HW/SW BTS configuration, Dual band, CBCCH, SDCCH
traffic etc
TRX
Where capacity will be needed
Timeslot
FR/HR, AMR FR/HR, territory, CMAX, SDCCH traffic
Signaling
CCCH, TRXSIG, SS7 links
Soc Classification level
32
Nokia Siemens Networks
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
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Project
report
Abis
interfaces
Ater Interface
All traffic from BSC must be transferred to
transcoders. Number of E1s in Ater / Asub
interface is depending on:
TCH Traffic from all abis IFs
CCS7 traffics
O&M links
Utilization rate
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Ater, TC, A
Project
Ends
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Soc Classification level
12
34
960
1920
2880
3840
4800
5760
6720
7680
8640
9600
10560
11520
760
1520
2280
3040
3800
4560
5320
6080
6840
7600
8360
9120
ET 16
ET 16
(16 E1
PCMs)-1
BSC
(16 E1
PCMs)
several
BSCs
3
5
8
10
13
15
18
20
23
25
28
30
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
TR3E
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
88
96
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Ater, TC, A
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
A Interface
Number of required A- Interface PCMs is derived from total number of
required Ater Channels. 4:1 multiplexing
1 : 120
For Example
Total Erlangs in BSC = 3920 Erl
Blocking in A-interface =0.1%
ErlangB table(3920,0.1QoS )
4042 Ater Channels
ETSI Channels
960
1920
2880
3840
4800
5760
6720
7680
8640
9600
10560
11520
4:1
= 4042(ETSI) / 120 = 34
= 34*4 = 136
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
288
320
352
384
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
# TRX
#BTS
#BCF
#BSCU
#SS7L
#LAPD
# (logical) PCU
# abis 16k channels
#E1/T1 lines
Erlangs
BSC2i
BSC3i 660
512
512
248
6
16
992
16
4096
144
3040
660
660
504
6
16
1236
24
6144
256
3920
BSC3i 1000/2000
1 cab
2 cab
1000
2000
1000
2000
1000
2000
5
10
16
16
2240
4480
50
100
12800
25600
384
800
5940
11880
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
BSC3i 3000
3000
3000
3000
6
16
5760
30
30720
800
17820
120s
70%
30%
1.5
2
0.1
63%
1
80%
2%
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
BSC Utilization
TRX Usage
TCH Usage
If utilization values
are too high
=> BCS Capacity
optimization will be
needed
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
EDAP blocking
If EDAP utilization is below 100 => increasing EDAP does not
provide any help => PCU optimization needed
As a rule of thumb the following estimation may be used to
calculate number of E1s.
Nbr of TRX
Amount of E1s
1 E1
1.5 E1
2 E1
Note!
Can be used also T1s
E1:32 channel
T1:24 channel
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
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Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Gb utilization
If values near thresholds, it is recommended to increase Gb link size
OR Implement Gb over IP
Maximum received load % ( DL)
Gb bandwidth
[kbps]
Restricting Gb
link utilisation
[%]
128
25
256
61
384
68
512
68
640
70
768
75
896
85
1024
90
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Indoor solutions
Before
4 TRX, 20Erl
After
2 TRX, 5Erl
Indoor Site
4TRX, 15Erl
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
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Are Criterias
Fulfilled
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Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Before
Actions:
After
GSM 900 layer (2TRX:7Erl (no blocking)
GSM 1800 layer (4TRX:21Erl)
Note! Dual band layers can be also GSM 900 and WCDMA
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
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Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
3G Layers
2100 Macro
2100 Micro
2100 Indoor
2G Layers
900 Macro
1800 Macro
900/1800 Micro
900/1800 Indoor
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
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Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
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Ends
3Erl
9Erl
2Erl
1Erl
4Erl
5Erl
5Erl
6Erl
1Erl
4Erl
1Erl
Extra capacity
4Erl
3Erl
Soc Classification level
44
Nokia Siemens Networks
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
Good
Quality
load
AMR FR
AMR FR
packing
unpacking
Bad
Quality
AMR HR
AMR HR
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
BFG parameter
Whether the BCCH TRX or other TRXs are preferred in GPRS channel allocation .
FRL parameter
With this parameter the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be available for
traffic channel allocation is defined.
FRU parameter
With this parameter the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be available for
traffic channel allocation is defined.
tsl0
tsl1
bcch
sdcch
tsl0
tsl1
TRX2level
Soc Classification
47
Nokia Siemens Networks
tsl2
tsl2
tsl3
tsl3
tsl4
tsl4
tsl5
tsl5
tsl6
tsl6
tsl7
tsl7
How to allocate
CS and PS
channels?
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
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Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
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Ends
EGPRS
used/default
MBCCHC
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
5 CS calls
CTC 0
CTC1
CTC2
% of free FR resources
16.7%
14.3%
28.6%
HR Preferred?
EGPRS
downgraded
MBCCHC
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
TCHD
6 CS calls
CTC Value
0 = Only CSW used RTSLs
are used to calculate
CDEF
resources
1 = CSW and PSW used
RTSLs are used. PSW used
RTSLs are seen as occupied
resource when calculating
Territory
downgrade due to PSW RTSLs
CS traffic
2 = CSW used and PSW
used RTSLs are used. PSW
used RTSLs are seen as idle
resource when calculating
resources
downgrad
ed
% of free FR resources
14.3%
14.3%
14.3%
HR Preferred?
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Time
No packing of
FR calls
Packing of
FR calls
No packing of
FR calls
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
Comments
16k
32k
64 k
Note! If the cell is part of the large location area, high paging
load is expected. Thus small signaling links (16kbps) shall be
avoided.
Soc Classification level
50
Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Paging
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
Note! Exceptions are cells that cover ports of entry, such as airports, where
a large number of subscriber location updates are expected
Soc Classification level
51
Nokia Siemens Networks
INPUTS
Assessments &
Analysis
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
BCCH SDCCH/8SDCCH/8
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
BusyHourCallAttempts
3920Erl * 3600s
117600
120s
Procedure
MOT
MTC
HO
LU
Security
SMS
Bytes
290
267
145
160
120
218
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Bytes
# in Busy Hour
290
267
145
160
120
218
82320
35280
176400
235200
117600
117600
Kbps
53
21
57
83
31
57
302
Note!
1 E1 = 31 x 64kbps (total 32, 31 can be used for this purpose)
1 T1 = 24 x 64kbps
Soc Classification level
54
Nokia Siemens Networks
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Coverage Optimization
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
20km
cases?
Bad coverage what does it mean?
20km
SiteA
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
251992 samples
signal level < -100dBm
Quality 0
=> UL coverage problem?
Exercise
How we should here optimize coverage?
Any problems?
UL_q4
18156
519
353
177
87
25
SIGNAL LEVEL
QUALITY
UL_q5
18286
351
129
82
10
1
UL
UL_q6
16983
221
62
40
6
0
DL
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
UL_q0
251992
123653
62938
27005
2831
751
UL_q1
30668
1151
247
51
3
0
UL_q2
20552
403
144
65
9
4
UL_q3
18417
692
288
149
28
10
UL_q4
18156
519
353
177
87
25
UL_q5
18286
351
129
82
10
1
UL_q6
16983
221
62
40
6
0
UL_q7
12478
72
29
16
0
0
DL_q0
27862
89094
142228
222462
44504
5994
UL_q7
12478
-100dBm
72
-95dBm
29
-90dBm
16
-80dBm
0
-70dBm
0
-47dBm
DL_q0
UL_q0
251992
27862
123653
89094
142228
62938
222462
27005
44504
2831
5994
751
DL_q1
UL_q1
30668
5537
4236
1151
2732
247
1523
51
91
3
49
0
DL_q2
UL_q2
20552
5529
3853
403
2550
144
1355
65
123
9
17
4
DL_q3
UL_q3
18417
6069
3576
692
2356
288
1552
149
151
28
17
10
DL_q4
UL_q4
18156
6109
2893
519
1510
353
716
177
81
87
12
25
DL_q5
UL_q5
18286
6107
2264
351
1114
129
812
82
101
10
29
1
DL_q6
UL_q6
16983
5389
1372
221
774
62
1081
40
191
6
65
0
DL_q7
UL_q7
12478
4119
584
72
404
29
343
16
88
0
10
0
DL_q0
27862
89094
142228
222462
44504
5994
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
UL_q4
18156
519
353
177
87
25
SIGNAL LEVEL
QUALITY
UL_q5
18286
351
129
82
10
1
UL
UL_q6
16983
221
62
40
6
0
DL
-100dBm
-95dBm
-90dBm
-80dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
UL_q0
251992
123653
62938
27005
2831
751
UL_q1
30668
1151
247
51
3
0
UL_q2
20552
403
144
65
9
4
UL_q3
18417
692
288
149
28
10
UL_q4
18156
519
353
177
87
25
UL_q5
18286
351
129
82
10
1
UL_q6
16983
221
62
40
6
0
UL_q7
12478
72
29
16
0
0
DL_q0
27862
89094
142228
222462
44504
5994
DL
5
4
2
1
UL_q7
12478
-100dBm
72
-95dBm
29
-90dBm
16
-80dBm
0
-70dBm
0
-47dBm
DL_q0
UL_q0
251992
27862
123653
89094
142228
62938
222462
27005
44504
2831
5994
751
DL_q1
UL_q1
30668
5537
4236
1151
2732
247
1523
51
91
3
49
0
DL_q2
UL_q2
20552
5529
3853
403
2550
144
1355
65
123
9
17
4
DL_q3
UL_q3
18417
6069
3576
692
2356
288
1552
149
151
28
17
10
DL_q4
UL_q4
18156
6109
2893
519
1510
353
716
177
81
87
12
25
DL_q5
UL_q5
18286
6107
2264
351
1114
129
812
82
101
10
29
1
DL_q6
UL_q6
16983
5389
1372
221
774
62
1081
40
191
6
65
0
DL_q7
UL_q7
12478
4119
584
72
404
29
343
16
88
0
10
0
DL_q0
27862
89094
142228
222462
44504
5994
DL
5
4
2
1
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
DL /UL amplifiers
DL, boosters
UL, Mast head amplifier (MHA)
Diversity
UL
2100MHz
900MHz
Reducing losses
Combiner types
Feeder types
2100MHz
900MHz
900MHz
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Indoor BTS
Indoor Panel
Antenna
Optical Fiber
Remote Unit
Soc Classification level
60
Nokia Siemens Networks
Master Unit
RF Cable
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Example 1a
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Call Setup
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Example 1b
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Example 1c
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
DMAX = 0
Call Setup
RxLevel = -70
dBm
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Example 2a
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
OSS
database
BSS
MML
Lowest range
-110 dBm
-109 dBm
...
...
62
-48 dBm
63
-47 dBm
Highest range
Cell coverage
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Example 2b
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Example 3
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Parameter
bsTxPwrMax
bsTxPwrMin
minMsTxPower
msTxPwrMax
Value_______
0 30 dB
0 30 dB
0 36 dBm
0 36 dBm
Implementations
Default value
0 dB
30 dB
0 dB
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After rehoming
RDIV parameter
was set to default
value (No) and UL
quality was
affected.
RDIV = Y
Uplink Diversity
improves quality of
signal received.
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BCCH
BCCH
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Solutions
Frequency Optimization
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Reff
N freqsTOT
N TRXave
where:
Reff = effective reuse
NfreqsTOT = total number of used frequencies
NTRXave = average number of TRXs in a cell
Note! The smaller the effective reuse, the higher the capacity in terms of
the number of TCHs provided by one frequency in the network.
Soc Classification level
74
Nokia Siemens Networks
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FAR
N freqsTOT
N freqs/ MA
where:
FAR = frequency allocation reuse
NfreqsTOT = total number of used frequencies
Nfreqs/MA = average number of frequencies in MA-lists
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The frequency load describes the probability that a frequency channel is used for
transmission at one cell at one time.
The frequency load is a product of two other loads:
hard blocking load (the average busy hour TCH occupancy in most of the cases)
fractional load
Work orders
Analysis
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Solutions
INPUTS
LHW
ThopTCH
N hopTCH
where:
LHW = hard blocking load
ThopTCH = average number of used TCHs in the busy hour
NhopTCH = total number of TCHs in the hopping TRXs
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Fractional load means that the cell has been allocated more frequencies
than TRXs. This is only possible for RF hopping TRXs.
The fractional load is very useful when the number of TRXs is low. By
utilizing fractional load, it is possible to provide enough frequencies to hop
over (to get FH gain) to even a cell with just one hopping TRX.
L frac
N TRX
N freqs / cell
where:
Lfrac = fractional load
NTRX = number of TRXs in a cell
Nfreqs/cell = number of frequencies allocated to a cell (MA-list length)
Soc Classification level
78
Nokia Siemens Networks
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INPUTS
TRX-1
BCCH
f1
TRX-2
TRX-3
TRX-4
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HW load is 75%
Fractional load FL is
3 TRX / 5 F = 0.6 = 60%
Frequency load is
HWL * FL = 45%
25 %
Active slots
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Starts
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Problems
Empty slots
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Solutions
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584 re-used
close together
Heavy re-use
of 582
Solution
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584 re-used
close together
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Channel distribution
60
Occurrences
50
40
30
20
584
583
582
581
580
579
578
577
576
575
574
573
571
570
522
521
520
519
518
517
516
515
514
513
572
10
Assessments &
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Same color =
same frequency
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Exercise
How these planning methods differs from each other?
Based on Prediction tools
Planning Tools with propagation models
Mapinfo
Visualization
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Interference
Interference Diversity
F1
F3
F1
F1
average
F2
F2 F3
F2 F
3
MS_1
Signal
Level
MS_2
MS_3
Frequency Diversity
F1
F2
F3
MS Location
Distance
Bursts sent on frequency F2 may be degraded or lost, but the initial signal is
still be reconstructed from the bursts on frequencies F1 and F3.
Assessments &
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Analysis
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INPUTS
TRX 1
7 Timeslot
f1
BC
CH
TRX 2
f2
TRX 3
f3
TRX 4
f4
HSN1
Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 2-4 only
BCCH does not hop
HSN2
Timeslots 1-7 hop over all TRXs
RF Hopping
0
TRX 1
Timeslot
BC
CH
f1 no hopping
TRX 2
TRX 3
TRX 4
Soc Classification level
87
Nokia Siemens Networks
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Baseband Hopping
1 2
Solution
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Frequency Hopping
0
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Random FH
TRX 1
BCCH
TRX 2
Random FH
over a fixed
frequency
list
TRX 3
TRX 4
DFCA
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
TRX 4
BCCH
Cyclic FH
over
individually
selected
frequency lists
and MAIOs
for each
connection
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Cell A
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-6dB -9dB
FREQ=9,10,11
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Cell B
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B
FREQ=10
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FREQ = 234
BSIC = 42
FREQ = 234
FREQ = 234
BSIC = 42
Reuse 4/12
Soc Classification level
90
Nokia Siemens Networks
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Performance
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Example 1
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TCH
TCH
BCCH
TCH
INPUTS
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Example 2
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Example 3a
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BTS
(E)GPRS territory
GTRX = Y
GTRX = Y
SEG
EDGE TRX(s)
NONEDGE
TRX(s)
EGENA = Y
BTS
(E)GPRS territory
EDGE TRX(s)
GTRX = Y
GTRX = N
NONEDGE
TRX(s)
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BTS
(E)GPRS territory
EDGE TRX(s)
GTRX = Y
GTRX = N
NONEDGE
TRX(s)
EDAP pool
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Solutions
Neighbor Optimization
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ISHO optimization
Avoid:
neighbor definitions that are co-BCCH and co-BSIC or Adj-BCCH and
co-BSIC that can lead to wrong neighbor reporting
One-way neighbors
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GREEN = source
RED
=neighbor cell
BLUE = no neighbor
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GREEN = source
RED
=neighbor cell
BLUE = no neighbor
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Challenges
Sites by the sea
Dominance areas are reaching
far away => neighbor cells can
be far away
SEA
Indoor solutions
Signal levels from outdoor cells
near windows can be high
High buildings
Lots of cells can be heart near
the window
3G cells
Limited amount of neighbors
Soc Classification level
101
Nokia Siemens Networks
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In case Number of HO
Attempts is very low to a
certain cell, consider
removing this cell from
Adjacency list.
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Cell A
Cell B
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Cell B
f=10
f=10, BSIC=2,2
Cell A
f=24
Cell C
f=10, BSIC=2,2
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
f=24
f=9,10,11
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Exercise
How these planning methods differs from each other?
1.Add maximum nbr of neighbors and after 2 weeks remove
extra neighbors based on HO statistic
2.First only nearest (dominance area) and if problems, add
more neighbors
In neighbor optimization following selection methods can be
used
Based on Optimizer
Based on Map
Based on OSS Statistics
Solutions
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Solutions
INPUTS
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Handover Optimization
INPUTS
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1800
layer
Umbrella
Traffic Reason
IUO
PBGT, quality, level
900
layer
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Unnecessary HO is
prevented in this area
-100dBm
Cell1
Cell2
route
-100dBm
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Solutions
INPUTS
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Level / PBGT
If margin is same as PBGT, the only difference is level, See example in
previous slide where Level HO disabled.
It is useful to know if overlapping in good signal level and bad signal level
Can be noticed if overshooting
If no Level HOs => real coverage problems without overlapping
Soc Classification level
110
Nokia Siemens Networks
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Quality
(BER)
(PxNx:6/16)
UURF
IHRF
No action
(PxNx: 2/3)
LURF
Power up quality
IHRH
(PxNx: 4/6)
(PxNx:1/1)
(PxNx:1/1)
RxLevel
Power down
level
(AMR) Qual HO
HYS -6dB
Handover
trigger
-110dBm
Handover trigger
Power up
level
QURF
(PxNx: 1/1)
-47dBm
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Synchronized handover
Project
Ends
Non-synchronized Handover
MS sends access bursts (HO_ACCESS) (with varying TA) until
it receives PHYSICAL_INFO
Synchronized Handover
MS sends a few access bursts (HO_ACCESS) and then starts
transmission with previous TA
Non-synchronised handover leads to a longer communication
interruption than synchronised handover (200ms vs. 100ms)
Synchronized HO should be activated between sectors of the same site.
If activated on inter-site adjacencies the handover can fail
Non- Synchronized HO
Synchronized HO
Site A
Soc Classification level
112
Nokia Siemens Networks
Site B
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Exercise 1
In which case the network is working better? (theoretical)
All handovers are quality handovers
All handovers are level handovers
Exercise 2
How these differs from each other?
Quality HO vs. Interference HO
PBGT vs. Level HO
Traffic handling : decreased power 2 dB vs. decreased HO
margin 2dB
Solutions
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Solutions
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PLMN permitted = No
SYNC = YES
hoMarginQual set to 0
hoThresholdsLevUL = hoThresholdsLevDL
POC DL activated
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INPUTS
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Example 1
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Plmn permitted 0 = No
.
Plmn permitted 3 = Yes
Plmn permitted 4 = No
Cell A
NCC 3
Cell B
NCC 4
Plmn permitted 7 = No
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Example 2
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NETWORK
ACTIVE CALL
HANDO CMD
HANDO ACC
PHYS INFO
HANDO COM
ACTIVE CALL
SYNC = YES
INPUTS
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Starts
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Problems
Example 3
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Ho Margin Qual = -4
B
Ho Margin Qual = 0
(MML Default)
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Problems
Example 4
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Cell A
Cell B
FREQ=10
FREQ=10
BSIC = 33
BSIC = 33
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Problems
Example 5
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hoThresholdsLevUL
, high thresholds will
anticipate HOs:
Level Ho
No Action Needed
hoThresholdsLevDL
:
Interference Ho
HoThresholdInterferenceUL/DL
HoThresholdLevUL
HoThresholdLevDL
HoThresholdLevUL/
DL
Presentation / Author / Date
-50
-52
-54
-56
-58
-60
-62
-64
-66
-68
-70
-72
-74
-76
-78
-80
-82
-84
-86
-88
-90
-92
-94
-96
-98
-100
-102
-104
-106
-108
7
-110
Quality Ho
dBm
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Example 6
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A
Power Control
-6dB
B
-3dB
-9dB
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(E)GPRS Optimization
INPUTS
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Starts
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Problems
Objectives
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The optimal GSM network from PSW services point of view has:
1. As high signal level as possible
It means that even the indoor signal level should be high enough to have MCS9 for
getting the highest data rate on RLC/MAC layer.
The aim of having high C/I is to avoid throughput reduction based on interference.
3. Enough capacity
Enough BSS hardware capacity (interface and connectivity) is needed to provide the
required capacity for PSW services in time. Both CSW and PSW traffic management
should be harmonized with the layer structure and long term plans.
5. Features
All the features should be used which can improve the PSW service coverage,
capacity and quality in general.
Solutions
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Solutions
INPUTS
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100
80
kbps
120
No Interference
C/I 25 dB
60
C/I 20 dB
C/I 15 dB
40
20
0
-65
-70
-75
-80
-85
-90
-95
-100
-105
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
(E)GPRS Optimization
Network Element and Configuration Assessment
HLR
BSS
BTS
GPRS territory
BTS HW
considerations
(TRX & BB-card)
PCU strategy in
mixed
configuration
BTS SW (EPCR)
QoS profile
TC
HLR/
AC/
EIR
TCSM
BSS SW and
features
MSC/VLR
GPRS settings
SGSN
Unit capacity
(PAPU etc.)
BSS Gb Flow
control
MS/Client
parameters
Gs
GPRS/EDGE
capability and
release
IP/MPLS/IPoATM backbone
Multislot support
GGSN
RF
BTS
BSC
Abis
Gb
2G
SGSN
Gn
Gi
Application
Applicatio
Servers
n Servers
(co located
RF interface
Coverage
C/I
Capacity
Traffic volume
Mobility
Gb interface
Abis interface
EDAP size /
dimensioning
# of E1/T1s
GPRS/EDGE
traffic
Soc Classification level
126
Nokia Siemens Networks
Bearer size
IP v.s. FR
Dimensioning
Server
load
settings (Linux/Win)
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Mobility improvement
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Resource Allocation
Cell (re)-selection
BTS selection
Scheduling
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
max_paging_gb_buf (003050)
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
packet_immed_ass_nack_msg
------------------------------------------------------------------------packet_immed_ass_nack_msg + packet_immed_ass_ack_msg
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Load
RACH_4 = 100 * avg(ave_rach_busy(C3014)/res_acc_denom3(c3015))
avg(ave_rach_slot(c3006)/res_acc_denom1(c3007))
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Project
Ends
Traffic Volume
SDCCH seizure attempts (c1000)
Average available SDCCH (ava_45a)
Congestion
Blocking on SDCCH, before FCS (blck_5)
Time congestion on SDCCH (cngt_2)
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
RLC/MAC
Basic Allocation related Topics
PSW Activation
Territory settings
Channel pref.
Cell-(re)selection
C1, C2
C31/C32
NCCR
BTS Selection
MultiBCF and CBCCH
PCU algorithm
User
Channel Scheduling
Priority based QoS
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
GPRS Territory
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
TRX 1
BCCH
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TRX 2
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
Default GPRS
Capacity (%)
Territory downgrade
forced by the Circuit
Switched traffic
Dedicated
GPRS
Capacity (%)
Circuit
Switched
Territory
Circuit /
Packet
Switched
Territory
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
(E)GPRS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
(E)GPRS Optimization
BTS Selection and TSL Allocation
BTS selection and TSL allocation is
Segment
Initial BTS Selection
Reallocation of TBFs among the BTS
1. BTS Load reallocation
2. Uplink Rx level reallocation
3. Downlink Rx level
reallocation
4. Downlink RX level received
first time reallocation
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
(E)GPRS Optimization
Resource Allocation - Priority based QoS
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
127 12
7
12
12
12
12
11
12
10
13
12
18
13
10 11 (time)
12
9
18
14
18
15
18 18
16
17
The
scheduling is
done based
on latest
service time,
one TBF at a
time is served
by the RTSL
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Connectivity Planning Maximized Capacity
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Max limit*
256
16
64
128
Utilization
75%
75%
75%
75%
Limit
192
12
48
96
unit
TSLs
pcs
pcs
pcs
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Connectivity in different PCUs
PCU variant
PCU
PCU-S
BSCE, BSC2,
BSCi, BSC2i
PCU-T
BSCE, BSC2,
BSCi, BSC2i
PCU2-U
BSCE, BSC2,
BSCi, BSC2i
PCU-B
BSC3i
PCU2-D
BSC3i
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
BSS11
BTS
64
64
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
BTS
128
256
256
31
64
128
128
256
31
64
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
BTS
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
BTS
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
BTS
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
BTS
TRX
Radio TSLs
Abis 16 kbps channels
Gb 64 kbps channels
128
256
256
31
64
128
256
256
31
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2 x 64
2 x 128
2 x 256
2 x 256
2 x 31
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
128
128
256
31
64
128
256
256
31
128
256
256
256
31
2 x 64
2 x 128
2 x 256
2 x 256
2 x 31
2 x 128
2 x 256
2 x 256
2 x 256
2 x 31
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
BSS11.5
ownwards
BSC Type
BSCE, BSC2,
BSCi, BSC2i
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
(E)GPRS Optimization
Connectivity Planning Cells / PCU
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Work orders
Solutions
Priorization
Analysis
Solutions
Project
report
Project
Ends
extra small
(XS)
Extra small
Small
Medium
Large
Extra large
Data monster
small
(S)
lowest cost
per EGPRS
cell: maximize low cost: high
EGPRS cells
EGPRS cells per
per PCU
PCU ratio
Use case
Parameters
CDEF
DAP
medium
(M)
extra large
(XL)
data monster
monster
Data
(DM)
(DM)
1
3
2
4
4
6
4
8
4
11
4
16
2
16
32
88%
2.5
15
37
85%
3
15
45
88%
2
11
22
86%
2.5
10
25
82%
3
10
30
86%
2
7
14
88%
2.5
6
15
80%
3
6
18
84%
2
5
10
78%
2.5
5
12
81%
3
5
15
86%
2
4
8
81%
2.5
4
10
84%
3
4
12
88%
2
3
6
84%
2.5
3
7
86%
3
3
9
89%
186
354
237
325
237
597
237
748
237
829
237
373
areas for medium
EGPRS traffic,
supports 4 & 5
RTSL MS
FTP/HTTP max
throughput
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Target values:
Good: < 75 min/GByte
Bad: > 150 min/GByte
DL_TBFS_WITH_INADEQ_EDAP_RES (c076008)
c76008 includes lack of PCU resources (c76020
DL_MCS_LIMITED_BY_PCU ) as one reason.
If c76008 is updated but peak EDAP usage is less than 100%, reason
is that c76008 has been updated because of lacking PCU resources,
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Target values:
Good: < 15 min/GByte
Bad: > 30 min/GByte
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Parameter Name
Abbreviation
Description
MNDL
1..9, default:9
MNUL
1..7, default:7
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
(E)GPRS Optimization
Multiplexing Measurements (KPIs)
Amount of TBFs / TSL
Uplink TBFs pr timeslot tbf_37d
Downlink TBFs pr timeslot tbf_38d
GPRS TBF multiplexed with EGPRS TBF
8PSK coding scheme downgrade due to GPRS multiplexing rlc_61
DL EDGE TBFs in GPRS territory tbf_60
UL EDGE TBFs in GPRS territory tbf_59
Ratio of DL GPRS TBFs in EDGE territory tbf_58a
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Downgrade request back to the Default territory when there is no need for
additional channels anymore (c1181)
No (E)GPRS capable resource left (No (E)GPRS enable TRX or the maximum (E)GPRS capacity reached)
PCU and EDAP capacity limitation (256 Abis TSL per PCU)
High CSW load
Default territory
1174
5
1179
1181
1180
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Free TSL Size (after CS Upgrade and Downgrade)
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
70
95
99
1
0
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
2
1
4
7
10
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Multislot Usage Measurements (KPIs)
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Actual Territory
ava_44
Peak PS territory (c2063)
Recommendation: Ava_44 and c2063 can be compared with the CDEF
settings. If too big difference, then CDEF should perhaps be changed, or more
capacity should be added to the cell.
Multislot Blocking
UL / DL multislot allocation blocking hard (tbf_15a, tbf_16a)
DL multislot blocking soft (blck_33a)
Recommendation: Too much multislot blocking shows that the territory is perhaps not
enough.
And it is also interesting to see how many timeslots which are requested (helpful in
determining the size of the default territories)
Requested timeslots for GPRS TBFs c72039-c72149, c72040-c72150, c72041c72151, c72042-c72152
Requested timeslots for EDGE TBFs c72149, c72150, c72151, c72152
Soc Classification level
148
Nokia Siemens Networks
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
The aim of mobility optimization is to reduce the cell outage time during cell
re-selection.
Cell outage can be reduced by
Providing enough signaling capacity for cell re-selection (the RACH, PCH,
AGCH and SDCCH channel are not limiting the signaling flow)
Rebalancing BCFs among PCUs properly (the important neighbors are
allocated to the same PCU)
Reallocating LA/RA borders properly
Enabling Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) feature
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Outage Definition Used in Measurements
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
MS
Cell outage:
Data outage:
Application outage:
the time between the last and the
first successfully received FTPpacket.
Outage
Data
Outage
Packet Uplink
Assignment
Routing Area Update Accept
Routing Area Update Complete
Cell
Outage
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
(E)GPRS Optimization
CS Traffic vs. PS Traffic
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Exercise
How to optimize PS performance on area level?
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Alarms
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Alarms - Introduction
Solution
Verification
Assessments &
Analysis
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Alarms Groups
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Alarm n u mb er in :
Notices
( NO T ICE )
Distu rb an ce
F ailu re
p rin tou ts
p rin tou ts
( DIS T UR)
( AL ARM S )
10001799
O&M equipment
800 - 899
18001899
900 - 999
19001999
transmission
equipment
diagnosis report
number
base station/
transmission
equipment alarms
Diag n osis
rep orts
( DIAG N)
Base
station
alarms
Nu mb ers
T ran smission reserved f or
eq u ip men t
p ossib le
alarms
extern al
alarms
20002799
30003799
28002899
38003899
29002999
39003999
40004799
48004899
49004999
37003999
70007999
80008999
power equipment
50005499
external equipment
55005999
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Alarm Number
BCF number, BTS number, TRX number, Alarm Object, Unit, Date, Time, Alarm
Number
Urgency level
Note:
* Low Priority
** Med Priority
Printout type
Event type
COMM communication failure
QUAL quality of service
PROCES processing failure
EQUIPM equipment failure
ENVIR environmental failure
Soc Classification level
156
Nokia Siemens Networks
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
HW Tests:
ZUBK: HANDLE ABIS LOOP TEST
(Parameters: BTS, TRX, RTSL, Fixed or Dynamic Abis connection and
Abis TSL and Sub-TSL, looping time)
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Alarms - Examples
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Implementation / Documentation
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Implementation / Documentation
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Project
report
Project
Ends
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Solution Verification
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution Verification
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Parameter changes
were done 20.11
50
Throughput after
changes was improved
30
20
DL
10
UL
11
.
10
.1
1.
12
.1
1.
14
.1
1.
16
.1
1.
18
.1
1.
20
.1
1.
22
.1
1.
24
.1
1.
26
.1
1.
28
.1
1.
30
.1
1.
2.
12
.
4.
12
.
11
.
8.
11
.
4.
2.
31
.1
29
.1
27
.1
25
.1
23
.1
21
.1
6.
11
.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
19
.1
kbit/s
40
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Monitoring
INPUTS
Monitoring Introduction
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Alarm monitoring
Schedule monitoring
Investments checking
Resource monitoring
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
INPUTS
Project
Starts
Performance
Problems
Solution
Verification
Implementations
Are Criterias
Fulfilled
Monitoring /
Data collection
Project
report
Project
Ends
Assessments &
Analysis
Work orders
Analysis
Solutions
Priorization
Solutions
Tools to be used
Tools to be used
Performance optimization
Traffic and Capacity optimization
Coverage Optimization
Frequency Optimization
Neighbor Optimization
HO Optimization
(E)GPRS Optimization
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Planning tools
(NetAct Planner,
Asset etc)
x
x
x
x
x
Configuration tools
(Plan Editor, RAC tools,
etc)
Optimizer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x