REPORT LESSON

LESSON 2A: DESIGN PHASE

Presenter : Nguyễn Thái Bình

Đoàn Tấn Bình
Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Identify the tasks and artifacts in the design phase
• Define entry and exit criteria for the design phase
• Create the Code Review Criteria

Lesson 2A
The scope of the Design Phase
• After analyzing the requirements of customers, the next stage is the Design
phase.

• The design of the software system defines how various components of the system
look and interact with the other components.
• The activities performed in design phase include:
• Optimization by de-nomalization,if required
• Physical structure of entities
• Table and index definitions
• Cluster definition
• Identification of primary and foreign keys
• Allocation of storage space
• Finalization of logical views
• Prepare tables, indexes,and views

• Key concepts that belong to a standard design phase are:

• Database Specification
• Unit Test Cases
• Pseudo-Code
Tasks in the Design Phase
• The various tasks in the Design Phase are as follows:
• Creating Program Specifications
• Creating Code Review Criteria/Specifying Coding Guidelines
• Designing Database Specifications
• Preparing the System Architecture
• Preparing the Software Design (SD) Document
• Preparing the Unit Test Cases
• Designing the User Interface
• Creating the Pseudo-code
• Updating the Project Plan
• Getting Customer Sign-offs
• Updating the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document
• Updating the Functional Specification (FS) Document
• Studying and Implementing the Prototype
Artifacts that form the Exit Criteria for
the Design Phase
• Following are the artifacts that define the exit criteria for the design phase:
• Signed off Design document by the Customer. (Other than the SD
Document, if any)
• Prepared and Approved Unit Test Cases
• Created and Approved Code Review Criteria
• Completed, Approved and Signed-Off Software Design (SD) Document
• Completed, and Approved Program Specifications Document
Artifacts that form the Entry Criteria
for the Design Phase
• Following are the artifacts that define the entry criteria for the design phase:
• Prepared and Approved Signed-Off SRS Document
• Prepared and Approved Functional Specifications (FS) Document
• Prepared and Approved Prototype
• Updated project plan
Meeting the Exit Criteria for the
Design Phase
• There are tasks that need to be performed to meet the exit criteria. The
exit criteria are:
• Signed off Design document by the customer, other than the SD
Document, if any
• Prepared and Approved Unit Test Cases
• Created and Approved Code Review Criteria
• Completed, Approved and Signed-Off Software Design (SD)
Document
• Completed, and Approved Program Specifications Document
• Updating Project Plan
Verification and Validation Criteria for
the Identified Tasks
• There are verification and validation criteria for the tasks that have been
identified in the Design phase. These tasks are:
• Reviewing Test Cases
• Reviewing Unit Test Cases
• Reviewing the Software Design Document
• Reviewing the Program Specifications Document
 Demonstration:
Creating the Code Review Criteria
Problem Statement
Profile:
Established in 1944, The Grant College of Science and Technology is a reputed
name among educational institutions offering a variety of undergraduate
courses in Computer Science and Information Technology. Having recognized
the need for education in this field earlier than a lot others, Grant is
considered one of the pioneers in this field. The last 60 years have seen
millions of students benefiting from the comprehensive education programs
that Grant offers.
The college has been introducing lots of new courses and programs from time
to time in tune with the changing times. These courses have gained popularity
amongst the student fraternity with an average of 3000-4000 registrations
per day. The College has an administrative staff of about 10 people, working
at different levels, and taking care of all procedures related to admission,
registration, processing, etc. Over the years, the administrative staff have
catered to the needs of students and handled the high volume of enrolments
efficiently.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
However, over the last 2 years, 3 senior administrative staff members retired
from the college. As a direct result, discrepancies have begun to emerge in
the admission process. There have been a lot of complaints about glaring
errors in registration and the processing of applications. Many students have
received wrong information about courses; Commencement dates of courses
have been changed randomly; and enrolled students have trouble accessing
information and updates. Queues for submission of application are getting
longer and longer, and since Grant’s sprawling campus is located in the
suburbs, it is a long commute for anyone applying. To add to this confusion, a
minor fire broke out in the office and lot of in-process applications perished.
This has resulted in mass outrage and consequently, the number of
registrations for Grant’ courses and programs has gone down to about 1000
in a day.
These rather alarming issues were recently brought to the collective notice of
Grant’s Principal and Dean. They called an emergency meeting to brainstorm
possible solutions to the current crises. The following people attended the
meeting.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
Name Role Responsibility
Dr. Penelope Lane Principal Overall In charge of
College
Dr. Christopher Davis Dean Administrative
Department
Dr. Bill Waterson Professor Head, Physics
Department
Dr. Albert Elliot Dr. Albert Elliot Head, Information
Technology
Dr. David Jones Professor Head, Computer Science
Department
Sally Slater Senior Student President, Student’s
Council
Janet Fields Senior Student Member, Student’s
Council
Problem Statement (Contd.)
Name Role Responsibility
Thomas Moore Freshman Member, Student’s
Council
Roger Cook Freshman Member, Student’s
Council

After much pondering, the unanimous solution they came up with was that it
was time for the College to go online create an ‘eCollege.’ This is what the
attendees had to say about the idea:
Dr. Lane: Our College has always provided quality education to its students.
Our focus has always been student centric and we have earned laurels in the
education fraternity for our efforts. While I have no doubts about the
capability of the administrative staff, I want to keep pace with the changing
times. Keeping this in mind, I want to streamline our admission process and
take advantage of the Internet. I suggest we offer online courses complete
with course details. Our college has one of the best faculties in this region so I
want to highlight that and give detailed information about the staff members.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
I also want to have online registration facility to help streamline the system.
Dr. Davis: My suggestion is that we provide all the course details on the web
and also provide articles related to it. Although we have a well-equipped
library, it is not possible to provide all the relevant books and articles there.
We need to cut costs so the best way is to have useful articles on the web. We
can also take advantage of the electronic books, stories, poems that are
available in abundance. This will help those who don’t have access to course-
related material otherwise. This way all the students can read the articles
simultaneously for a more comprehensive discussion. We can also provide
history of trainings conducted for future reference.
Professor Waterson: As an instructor my concern is to keep track of the
students’ progress. We need to know how far we have succeeded in imparting
knowledge to our pupils. We also must be aware of students’ strengths and
weaknesses. The current system is such that there is no formal way of
ascertaining how much progress the students have made and whether the
course material has been effective or not. Therefore I suggest that we provide
a forum where the students can share their problems with their professor.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
This forum will also be a platform for the instructor to gauge a student’s
progress through various activities. Email facility will also be provided.
Professor Elliot: Sometimes the students have queries that are beyond the
purview of the classroom. A single class is not enough to address such queries
so we must also provide a forum for a one to one interaction between the
students. In addition, students may have other administrative queries. To
answer those we should first make a list of all such probable questions and
then provide answers. This way there will be no ambiguity about the way
things work in our college.
Professor Jones: Our College is entering a new era since its inception so we
need to cash in on the reputation we have created over the last 60 years. We
should get in touch with our old students and have them share their
experience at Grant College. Let our Alumni be the spokesperson about
Grant’s contribution to their professional success. Meanwhile, I suggest we
speak to the Students’ Council and get their opinions and suggestions on this
too.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
The Student’s Council at Grant is a representative body of the students in the
college. At the beginning of every academic year, the campus witnesses a
frenzy of activity as students get busy with campaigns and voting. The
primary purpose of the Council is to voice student concerns in the College’s
decision-making activities. Further, the Council organizes student body
meetings on a regular basis, wherein everyday student-related issues are
discussed and addressed. On special occasions like the College Annual Day, it
is the Council’s responsibility to raise funds and organize the events
associated with the event. The Student’s Council is treated like an
independent autonomous body with minimal interference from the College
authorities in their matters.
Lately, the Council has also witnessed a sharp rise in the number of student
complaints ranging from issues related to the administration to the classroom.
The loudest complaints are to do with not getting enough quality time with
Professors. Additionally, students feel that the current curriculum is outdated,
and they rely more on the Internet to get any updates than on the Professors.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
The Professors, in turn, state tedious, bureaucratic procedures as the primary
culprit.
Further, the new batch has been especially critical of the archaic state and
structures that abound. They feel that the newer generation is a grossly
under-represented lot in this ‘ancient’ College. Everything from the College
Literature to the House colors teems with antique value.
The Students’ Council welcomed the ‘eCollege’ idea and presented their views
on the same as follows:
Sally Slater: As President, I welcome the idea of Grant moving to the Internet.
In fact, I am aware that some students have already got a couple of unofficial
websites up and running. These basically contain unmonitored and conflicting
information about the College and its activities. The Students Council has been
trying to keep a check on the content in these, but due to lax Internet laws, it
has been very difficult to maintain tabs on them. An official College website
would be an apt solution to address this menace.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
This brings me to a question I have – would students and Professors have
equal access rights to the website? Since we are talking about assignments
getting submitted and evaluated online, may be we would need to create
different spaces for them.
Janet Fields: I would like to add to Dr. Lane’s idea about updating our image…
but I have a concern. Many Professors here are new to the idea of the
Internet, and so they might have trouble using the website effectively. This
may even apply to some of our outstation students. My suggestion is that we
provide some sort of help in using the website…maybe in the form of
frequently asked questions or something? I have noticed that a lot of websites
carry this feature and they are really useful.
Thomas Moore: I have two questions – the first is - Is it possible to change
the text of some of the College brochures? Some of them are really difficult to
read because of the language used. They sound ancient and some of the rules
mentioned are not even in existence anymore. This would even be a golden
opportunity to update the Information brochure and the Students handbook.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
The second question is – what if a student misses any of the lectures in
college and is expected to take an assignment or test that requires inputs
from those lectures? Could we provide students with a facility to access some
lecture notes on related course content? This would really help us prepare for
tests in a more complete manner…
Roger Cook: I agree with Thomas about this. In fact, let’s make the website
the trendy option to our College. I know I speak for most students from my
batch when I say this. To be really honest, a lot of us feel that the College
needs to get a little ‘younger’ in its approach. The colors, customs and the
language included! This will make us identify and ‘belong’ to the College a
little more than what we currently feel.
Problem Statement (Contd.)
After reading the scenario, create the Code Review Checklist