Group

Members:
 Mohammad Zeeshan

 Nadeem Shehzad
 Muddassar Nazir
Load Shedding Define:

 The act or process of disconnecting the

electric current on certain lines when the
demand becomes greater than the supply.

 A rolling blackout, also referred to as load

shedding, is an intentionally-engineered
electrical power outage
Load Shedding vs. world:
 In many African and
South Asian countries
 Sometimes, these
blackouts are
scheduled at fixed
times of the day and
week
 blackouts may happen
without any advance
notice
India
 Even in the nation's
capital of New Delhi,
rolling blackouts are
common
 it is common to have
power for the 44% of
rural households
having access to
electricity to lose power
for more than 12 hours
each day.
Iran

 major cities in Iran are

subject to rolling
blackouts
 generally occur from
10:00 AM until 1:00 PM
 Occasional blackouts
began in 2006
Republic of Ireland

 On several occasions in the 1970s and 1980s

trade union strikes in Ireland's power utility,
the Electricity Supply Board (ESB)
 Rolling blackouts have not occurred for this
reason since 1991
 The ESB have a zone rota system in place
 country is divided into regions which in turn
are subdivided into zones, referred to by the
letter codes A, B, C, X, Y, and Z
Republic of Ireland
 During periods when
blackouts may occur
 electricity demand
exceeds available
supply, supply is cut in
some or all of the "high
risk" zones
 "Low" to "Moderate" to
"High" and back to
"Low".
Nepal
 Kathmandu, faced with an influx of rural
migrants and rising energy demands
 faces load-shedding even during the
monsoon when the rains fill the water
reservoirs where electricity is generated
 electricity was cut up to sixteen hours per day
 in some small villages a small hydropower
project set up locally may function more
reliably than the power supply of the capital
city
South Africa
 the major producer and
distributor of electricity
is Eskom
 During the 1980s
Eskom mothballed
three of their coal-fired
power stations
 government tried to
deregulate the
electricity
Western and Northern
Cape
 In December 2005, a bolt left in Koeberg
Unit 1 reactor after maintenance caused
extensive damage to the rotor, resulting in it
tripping out
 As a result, there was insufficient power to
supply the Cape, with the transmission
network only partially able to supply the
electricity demand. As a result rolling
blackouts were implemented across the two
provinces.
Tajikistan

 In January 2008 Tajikistan faced its coldest

winter in 50 years, and the country's energy
grid began to fail. By February 2008
Tajikstan's energy grid was near collapse and
there were blackouts in most of the country
 Hospitals throughout the country were on
limited electricity use, and nurses and doctors
were forced to keep newborn babies warm
with hot water bottles
United Kingdom
 The Three-Day Week
 Non-essential
commercial users were
only allowed to
consume electricity for
three days each week
 Home electricity
supplies were also
limited in some areas
Elsewhere

 In many East Coast states

 "brownouts" rather than rolling blackouts are
implemented during power emergencies
 of the power being cut off altogether to a
certain percentage of customers, the voltage
is reduced by a certain percentage to all
customers — the resulting dimming of electric
lights being the origin of the term "brownout."
Pakistan
 Load shedding is one of our worst problems
that the people of Pakistan are facing.
Pakistan is facing problems due to load
shedding; there are hundreds of problem in
this country related to load shedding, like
Industrial Production, unemployment and
water supply etc.
 Pakistan today faces a severe energy crisis
with a shortfall that varies from 2000 to 5000
megawatts
Reasons of Load
shedding:
1. Water Blockage Issue from India
2. Electricity Generation Resources
3. Increasing cost of fuel
4. Inability of WAPDA and KESC
5. Previous Government according to Present
Government
6. Power Plants Lacking
7. Transmission Losses
Water Blockage Issue
from India
 The water resources are at 36 percent, which
is the lowest in history. The water level has
declined to dead-level in Tarbela Dam.
 India making more than 50 dams on the all
Kashmir Rivers since ceasefire
 the issue of water blockage is a bigger issue
than war on terror
Water Blockage Issue
from India
Electricity Generation
Resources
 We don’t use
technologies for
generating electricity
like Wind, Gas and
Nuclear Power. We
just concentrate on
water electricity
generation. A very few
MW we generate by
other technologies.
Increasing cost of fuel

WAPDA and KESC

when purchasing
electricity on higher
cost are not eager to
keep on selling the
electricity on loss
Inability of WAPDA and
KESC
Inability of WAPDA and
KESC:
 WAPDA and KESC are two generation and
dispatch units in Pakistan. It is fact that they
have poor service and are not able to
complete with energy requirement. Private
sector should be given chance and should be
allowed to install power plant and settle the
electricity to consumers
Previous Government
according to Present
Government
 The Present
Government blames on
previous Government
not just for this load
shedding issue but all
current issues, because
previous government
didn’t take serious
actions to fix this and
on going problems.
Power Plants Lacking
 Our Political Leaders realized power plants lacking
recently
 “No more load-shedding after Dec 31” on Monday,
July 27, 2009 The Minister for Water and Power
Raja Pervez Ashraf
 An announcement was took placed last year that
“No more load shedding in 2009”
 The govt of Pakistan is guilty because it is not
making kala bagh dam and is depending on
rain.and pak ha nuclear technology weeping beside
kala bagh dam
Role of Leaders…..
 The workers of KESC also seem helpless in this
case,they may not be able to solve the power
problem due to some unstable wiring connectivity
and less support of government.The wiring system
is not up to the mark and hydroelectricity may not be
produced to have benefit for the nation.Leaders of
Pakistan do not seem interested to solve this case
and nation does not forcefully act over this
issue.They do not act against unstable leaders
Role of Leaders…..
 did you forget foreign
tours or un-due and un-
wanted protocols,
sometimes and even hi-
fi dinner parties. Gas of
few industries have
been disconnected so
is electricity all over
Pakistan
On Other Hand
Transmission Losses

 Transmission losses and a poor distribution

system also account for Pakistan's energy
crisis. The government and its responsible
departments need to take firm action to
control power theft and to improve the
distribution system in general. The US
department of Energy (DoE) reports
transmission losses of up to 30% in Pakistan
Transmission Losses
Problems vs. Load
shedding
Problems vs. Load
shedding
 load shedding could make anybody freaky or
absent minded
 depression sometimes when there would be
no electricity available in the city and
especially when someone would be doing
important work.In the meantime
 when a person might be busy with important
project and electricity would create
disturbance by disappearance it could make
people angry and work less.
Problems vs. Load
shedding
Problems vs. Load
shedding
 The hours-long load shedding in the city is giving a
tough time to students, especially schoolchildren,
during the ongoing examinations
 Students enrolled in semester system courses,
especially those studying computers and other
sciences, said that they had an extra burden of
studies owing to the semester system
 A number of institutions in the city did not give
summer holidays to their students, as they had
switched to the semester systems and were
conducting examinations
Student vs. Load
Shedding
Cont…….

 PU Hostels boarder, said that students had

no choice but prepare for their exams in
candlelight during load-shedding hours. "The
situation gets worse when the hostels run out
of water, as we are not allowed to go out in
the nighttime’s
 Students who preparing for his CSS exams,
said that students taking the exams usually
went to libraries for preparations
Power Generating:

Pakistan’s power generation has been marred

by complex socio-political and economic
issues over the past several years

 Hydroelectric power
 Nuclear power
 Power generation based on Coal
 Green solutions for Pakistan (including solar,
wind and tidal energy
Hydroelectric power:
our hydroelectric power generation is from:

Tarbela Dam (3000 MW)

Hydroelectric power:
 Mangla Dam (1000 MW)
Hydroelectric power:
 Warsak (245 MW)
Hydroelectric power:
 Chashma (185 MW)
Hydroelectric power:

 had plans for more hydroelectric power

generation stations in the pipeline for a long
time but the actual implementation is always
hindered and cornered by the socio-political
conditions
 Development in this sector requires time and
patience. Pakistan, by 2015, should ideally
have a hydroelectric power generation of
12000MW.
Nuclear Energy
 Today, Nuclear energy
powers the world with
approximately 15% of the
total electricity produced.
 Pakistan, however, currently
generates around 2.4% of its
total electricity through its
Nuclear power plants at
Karachi
 By the end of 2011, Pakistan
should ideally have a Nuclear
power generation capacity at
around 1200MW.
Nuclear Energy
Coal Energy
 Pakistan has one of the largest
reserves of coal in the world
 Pakistan, at present, produces
approximately 0.2% of its total
electricity through coal.
Compare this to a global
average of 40% electricity
production through coal
 India
 Pakistan's only coal fired power
plant is at Lakhra with a power
generation capacity of 30MW
Coal Energy

 Financially speaking, Pakistan also needs to

cut down its dependency on oil and gas, to
which coal is a fitting solution. Historically, the
price of coal has generally been very stable
as opposed to the price of oil and gas.
 a neglected and underdeveloped area in
Pakistan. The government needs to speed up
and enhance the provision of basic
infrastructure facilities
Green solutions for
Pakistan
 Renewable and greener sources of energy
are being deployed throughout the world to
minimize carbon emission and to lower costs
associated with power generation. Let us
discuss the options available to us in
Pakistan
Solar Energy
Solar Energy

 Pakistan is amongst those countries which

receive a high level of solar radiation. Studies
have shown that on average our country
receives 19MW per square meter of solar
energy.
 Solar energy is not too expensive and its best
use, for now, is in domestic applications such
as water heating and for UPS (Uninterrupted
Power Supply) systems
Wind Energy
Wind Energy
 Pakistan has some 'wind-swept' corridors that are
essential for generating power through wind energy
 The Government of Pakistan has set the 'Alternative
Energy Development' board a target of generating
700MW of electricity through wind energy by the end
of 2010 and around 9700MW by the end of 2030
 The wind-farm will provide HESCO with 6MW
electricity, powering almost 6900 homes.
 AEDB is able to achieve its target by producing
700MW
Tidal Energy
Tidal Energy
 Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that exploits
the movement of water caused by tidal currents or
the rise and fall in sea levels due to tides. Tidal
energy is a relatively unexplored area in Pakistan.
 we need a thorough survery of the coastal areas of
Pakistan to identify the best locations for setting up
power plants for tidal power generation
 Pakistan has for tidal energy development include a
170km creek system of the Indus delta, 2-5 meter
high tides at Korangi creek and over 5 meters at Sir
Creek.
Tidal Energy
Conclusion &
Recommendations
Vision 2010
 Development of hydro-electric power plants and large water
reservoirs should begin immediately.
 Wind power generation should reach 500MW and ideally
700MW (the goal that has been set for the AEDB by the
Government of Pakistan).
 Domestic applications of solar power should be publicized
and encouraged.
 Utilizing financial resources effectively to make sure
Independent Power Producers and power plants based on
oil operate to their maximum capacity.
 Immediate steps should be taken to reduce to transmission
losses and power theft.
Conclusion &
Recommendations
Vision 2015
 Development of hydro-electric power plants
 Wind power generation should reach 1200MW.
 30% of Pakistan's 'unpowered' rural areas should have
electricity for basic use based on solar and wind resources.
 Nuclear power generation by the year 2015 should reach
1500MW.
 Coal resources should be put to effective use
 Pakistan's total generation capacity should increase
 Dependence on oil/gas based power plants can be greatly
reduced
Conclusion &
Recommendations
 contract for these projects should be given to
those companies who are capable of
completing this project
 Islamabad thinking for the gravity of this
problem which has become headache for the
people
 A liberal and progressive policy with less
bureaucratic approach towards energy
producing units will help and bring attractive
investment in Power sector
Looking in the MIRROR
Looking in the MIRROR

 However, here what is our responsibility, we

all know that our country is in critical
condition and we are looking for international
aid
 A saying is “nothing endures but change.”
Heraclitus (540 BC - 480 BC)
 If we want to get rid off this crisis, we have to
change our life style.
 We should definitely learn saving of energy.