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1 Free Radicals
Free radicals form when bonds break HOMOLYTICALLY.
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TERMINATION
occurs when
radicals are
destroyed.
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H-Br
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11.8 Applications
Atmospheric Chemistry and O3
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11.8 Applications
Atmospheric Chemistry and O3
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11.8 Applications
Atmospheric Chemistry and O3
O3 depletion (about 6% each year) remains a serious
health and environmental issue.
Compounds that are most destructive to the ozone layer:
1. Are stable enough to reach the upper atmosphere .
2. Form free radicals that interfere with the O3 recycling process.
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11.8 Applications
Atmospheric Chemistry and O3
CFC substitutes that generally decompose before
reaching the O3 layer include hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
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11.8 Applications
Combustion and Firefighting
Like most reactions, combustion involves breaking
bonds and forming new bonds:
A fuel is heated with the necessary Eact to break bonds (C-C, CH, and O=O) homolytically.
The resulting free radicals join together to form new OH and
C=O bonds.
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11.8 Applications
Combustion and Firefighting
Water deprives the fire of the Eact needed by absorbing
the energy .
CO2 and argon gas deprive the fire of needed oxygen.
Halons are very effective fire-suppression agents.
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11.8 Applications
Combustion and Firefighting
Halons suppress combustion in three main ways:
1. As a gas, they can smother the fire and deprive it of O2.
2. They absorb some of the Eact for the fire by undergoing
homolytic cleavage.
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11.8 Applications
Combustion and Firefighting
How do you think the use of halons to fight fires affects
the ozone layer?
FM-200 is an alternative firefighting agent.
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`
For HCl and HI, the second propagation step will not be
product-favored. WHY?
HBr is the only reactant that favors product formation for both
propagation steps.
Might the overall propagation involving HCl be productfavored if the G of step 1 outweighs the +G
of step 2 ?
Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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