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Learning outcomes
After this lecture you will be able to
Understand the conventional concept of
factors of production, i.e. land, labor,
capital, and entrepreneur.
Understand the concept of factors of
production in Islamic economic system.
Role of money as of being a factor of
production.
Factors of Production in
Islamic Economic Framework
First we see what are the factors of production in
conventional economic system:
Factors of production are the Inputs that provide
a productive service in a production process.
Conventional economic theory suggests four
factors of production, i.e.
1. Land
2. Labor
3. Capital
4. Entrepreneur
Landlord
Rent
Natural resources
Labor
Laborer
Wages
Human factor
Capital
Entreprise
Entrepreneur
Profit
Institutional Framework in
Islamic Economic System
Some of the institutional frameworks that explain
the nature of factors of production and factor
market are as follows:
1.Commodity Market
2.Factor Market for HFP
3.Institution of Participation
4.Institution of Social Insurance
1. Commodity Market
Islam rates trading activities very high and the
institution of commodity market is one of the
most important institutions in Islam.
3. Institution of Participation
In Islam entrepreneurial resources are encouraged to
participate and bear the risk to earn profits (loss).
Participation will be on profit and loss sharing basis,
e.g. Musharakah and Mudarabah.
3. Institution of Participation
In a capitalist system
All productive resources are rentable. In an economy with
high business risks, all productive resources will prefer to
be on Ujrat rather than to be entrepreneurial resource.
Scarce factors obviously will have high Ujrat so there will
be no compelling reason to opt for participation in an
economy with high entrepreneurial risks are very high.
In labor abundant developing countries wage rates are so
low that people prefer to sit idle. The surplus labor fails to
get participation from the physical and financial capital
because of high risk.
3. Institution of Participation
Islamic economic system encourage participation
in many ways:
1.Monetary resources are prohibited to earn rent
but they can participate in entrepreneurial
activities.
2.Obligatory taxes like Zakat is applied on idle
monetary resources. This will encourage the
resources to be invested or participate with
someone else.
3. Institution of Participation
In capitalistic system monetary resources
are available on interest (rent) but are
subject to the credibility of the entrepreneur.
Only the bigger businesses and wealthy
individuals have easy access to monetary
resources. Thus the system make the richer
the richest and the bigger corporations even
bigger.
3. Institution of Participation
In Islam the institution of participation creates demand for
entrepreneurial resources by:
a)creating new entrepreneurs to come into the market to avail
entrepreneurial opportunities;
b)promoting participation of scarce resources with abundant
resources hence causing abundant entrepreneurial resources to
come into the market as EFP;
c)promoting participation of big entrepreneurs with small
entrepreneurs and hence creating demand for small
entrepreneurs;
d)reducing risk in the economy by distributing risk fairly among
the entrepreneurs and hence making the potential entrepreneurs
to come forward to take up entrepreneurial activities.