Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Acknowledgement
FOR Secretariat
Detailed inputs regarding Model Terms and Conditions
for Intra State Open Access
Case Studies for calculation of Open Access Charges
Power Exchanges
Case Studies for calculation of Open Access Charges
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Introduction
DEFINITION
Electricity Act 2003: Open Access is defined as
Open access means the non-discriminatory provision
for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or
associated facilities with such lines or system by any
licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation
in accordance with the regulations specified by the
Appropriate Commission.
Tariff Policy
Section 8.5.1 provides
A consumer who is permitted open access will
have to make payment to the generator, the
transmission licensee whose transmission systems
are used, distribution utility for the wheeling
charges and in addition, the cross subsidy
surcharge.
The computation of cross subsidy surcharge,
therefore, needs to be done in a manner that
while it compensates the distribution licensee, it
does not constrain introduction of competition
through open
access.
System Operator Training
Tariff Policy
Section 6.3: Harnessing Captive Generation
Wheeling charges and other terms and conditions for
implementation should be determined in advance by the
respective State Commission, duly ensuring that the charges are
reasonable and fair.
Grid connected captive plants could also supply power to noncaptive users connected to the grid through available
transmission facilities based on negotiated tariffs. Such sale of
electricity would be subject to relevant regulations for open
access
Section 6.4:
Non-Conventional Energy Sources, including co-generation
Section 8.5:
Calculation of Cross Subsidy Surcharge and Additional Surcharge
for Open Access
System Operator Training
10
SERC
Notification of
OA Regulations
Determination of
Surcharge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
TOTAL
APERC
AERC
BERC
CSERC
DERC
GERC
HERC
HPERC
J&KSERC
JSERC
KERC
KSERC
MPERC
MERC
MsERC
OERC
PSERC
RERC
TNERC
TERC
UPERC
UERC
WBERC
JERC-M&M
JERC-Uts
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
22
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
20
Determination of Determination of
Wheeling Charges
Transmission
Charges
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
NA
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Case to case basis
Yes
No
No
17
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
22
11
12
Contents
Preliminary
Connectivity
General Provisions for Open Access
Application Procedure and Approval
Open Access Charges
Scheduling, Metering, Revision and Losses
Imbalance and Reactive Energy Charges
Commercial Matters
Limited Short Term Open Access
Information System
Open Access to Generator Connected to Distribution
System
Miscellaneous
System Operator Training
13
14
Regulation 11:
Categories of Open Access Consumers
The application procedure, application fee and the time frame of
processing request by eligible consumers seeking Open Access
shall be based on the following criteria
(1) System to which connected
(a) Intra-State transmission system
(b) Distribution system
15
STU
Inter-State
STOA
MTOA
20/04/2011
Connection
Point
DISCOM
Intra-State
LTA
STOA
MTOA
LTA
Intra-State
(within DISCOM)
Location of
drawal Point
Any OA
Period of OA
Nodal
Agency
16
Period
Inter-se location of
drawal and
injection point
Nodal agency
Concerned
Distribution
Licensee
SLDC
Injection point in
the intra-State
transmission
system within the
State
SLDC
In different States
RLDC of the
region where
consumer is
located
20/04/2011
Application
fee (Rs.)
Regulation 12
Time frame for disposal of
application (days from the receipt of
application)
2000
5000
5000
5000
Inter-se location of
Period
drawal and
Nodal agency
injection point
Application
fee (Rs.)
Concerned
Distribution
Licensee
50000
STU
100000
Injection point in
the intra-State
transmission
system within the
State
STU
100000
In different States
20/04/2011
CTU
100000
Regulation 12
Time
frame
for
disposal of application
(days from the receipt
of application)
20
40
40
As per Central
Commissions
Regulation 19
Inter-se location of
drawal and
injection point
Long-Term Access
In different States
20/04/2011
Nodal agency
Concerned
Distribution
Licensee
STU
STU
CTU
Applicati
on fee
(Rs.)
50000
100000
Regulation 12
20
100000
Proof of payment of Application fee, PPA or Salepurchase agreement of power, In case of generating
station not already connected to grid, documentary
evidence for completion of the connectivity showing that
the same shall be completed before intending date of
LTA, Consent from concerned Distribution licensee
100000
Proof of payment of Application fee, PPA or Salepurchase agreement of power, In case of generating
station not already connected to grid, documentary
evidence for completion of the connectivity showing that
the same shall be completed before intending date of
LTA, Consent from concerned SLDCs and Distribution
licensees as applicable
Perio
d
Inter-se location
of drawal and
injection point
Both within the
same State (in
the intra-State
transmission
system)
Application
Nodal agency
fee (Rs.)
SLDC
5000
Proof of payment of
Application fee,
Injection point in
the distribution
system within
the State
SLDC
In different
States
RLDC of the
region where
consumer is
located
20/04/2011
5000
5000
Regulation 12
Perio
d
Inter-se location
of drawal and
injection point
Both within the
same State (in
the intra-State
transmission
system)
Injection point
in the
distribution
system within
the State
In different
States
20/04/2011
Nodal
agency
STU
STU
CTU
Regulation 12
Application
fee (Rs.)
100000
20
100000
20
100000
As per Central
Commissions
Regulation
22
Long-Term Access
Period
Inter-se location
of drawal and
injection point
Nodal agency
Applicati
on fee
(Rs.)
STU
200000
Injection point
in the
distribution
system within
the State
STU
200000
In different
States
CTU
200000
20/04/2011
Regulation 12
23
Transmission charges
Inter State As per CERC Regulations
Intra-State :
Transmission charges shall be payable on the basis of
contracted Capacity/ Scheduled Load or actual power flow
whichever is higher.
Transmission Charges = ATC/(PLS T X365)
(in Rs./MW-day)
Where,
ATC= Annual Transmission Charges determined by the
Commission for the State transmission system for the concerned
year.
PLST= Peak load projected to be served by the State transmission
system in concerned year.
Wheeling charges
Wheeling charges shall be payable on the basis of contracted
Capacity/ Scheduled Load or actual power flow whichever is
higher.
Wheeling Charges = (ARR PPC TC) /(PLSD X365)
(in Rs./MW-Day)
Where,
ARR=Annual Revenue Requirement of the distribution licensee in the
concerned year
PPC=Total Power Purchase Cost of distribution licensee in the
concerned year
TC =Total transmission charges paid by distribution licensee for State
and Inter-State transmission system for the concerned year
PLSD=Total Peak load projected to be served by the concerned
distribution system in the concerned year
For Open Access for a part of a day, the wheeling charges shall
be payable on pro-rata basis
27
Possible Scenarios
Scenario Connectivity
of Generator
1
Transmission
System
2
Distribution
System
3
Transmission
System
4
Distribution
System
Connectivity
of Consumer
Distribution
System
Transmission
System
Transmission
System
Distribution
System
Applicable
Charges
Transmission +
Wheeling
Transmission
Transmission
Wheeling
28
Additional Surcharge
This additional surcharge shall become applicable
only if the obligation of the Licensee in terms of
power purchase commitments has been and
continues to be stranded or there is an
unavoidable obligation and incidence to bear fixed
costs consequent to such a contract.
Any additional surcharge so determined by the
Commission shall be applicable only to the new
Open Access applicants.
31
Standby Charges
Standby arrangements in cases of outages of generator supplying to open access
customer under open access.
Standby arrangements for a maximum period of 42 days in a year, subject to the
load shedding as is applicable to the embedded consumer of the licensee
Standby charges at the temporary rate of charge for that category of consumer
subject to the condition that such tariff shall not exceed the highest consumer retail
tariff.
In cases where temporary rate of charge is not available for that consumer
category,
the standby arrangements shall be provided by the distribution licensee for a
maximum of 42 days in a year and on payment of fixed charges of 42 days and
energy charges for that category of consumer in the prevailing rate schedule.
32
Imbalance settlement
With load of less than 10 MW
The difference between the applicable sanctioned Open Access load
and the actual drawal shall be accounted through the Time of Day
(ToD) Meters on monthly basis and settled at the rate of the
imbalance charge as determined by the Commission (where
imbalance charge has not been determined by the Commission, UI
rate as determined by the Central Commission shall be applicable).
In case of under drawal as a result of non availability of the
distribution system or unscheduled load shedding, the open access
consumer shall be compensated by the distribution licensee at the
average power purchase cost of the distribution licensee.
Case Studies
37
S. No.
power
Average
Purchase Wheeling Wheeling
Cost of
cost of loss (%)
charges
Supply
top 5%
State
T
ACS
Rs./Unit
Minimum
Rs./Unit Rs./Unit
S1=T-[C* (1+L)+D]
Rs./Unit
Rs./Unit
Maximu
m
Rs./Unit
Minimum Maximum
Bihar
3.52
5.05
4.96
2.91
8.00%
0.32
0.06
1.59
0.85
Chhattisgarh
2.53
4.55
3.04
2.93
6.00%
0.17
-0.75
1.27
0.59
Gujarat (UGVCL)
4.88
5.31
3.41
3.05
10.01%
0.13
1.40
1.82
1.61
Haryana
3.5
4.15
4.93
3.10
6.00%
0.3
-0.09
0.56
0.38
Himachal Pradesh
3.47
5.2
4.42
4.24
9.12%
1.01
-2.17
-0.43
-1.62
Karnataka (BESCOM)
5.37
7.09
4.66
5.06
2.99%
0.10
0.17
1.78
0.95
3.86
10
4.05
3.23
4.90%
0.49
-0.31
5.83
1.03
Maharashtra (MSEDCL-33KV)
5.23
8.43
4.38
4.69
6.00%
0.04
0.22
3.42
1.91
Punjab
4.3
5.12
3.87
4.55
10.00%
0.70
-1.41
-0.59
-1.33
19.00%
0.39 to
0.05
-2.20
-1.85
-1.85
10
Uttarakhand
20/04/2011
4.17
4.18
3.68
5.02
38
Value
5
Net value
5
Unit
MW
3600000
Kwh
0.51 Rs./unit
1836000
10.01%
4000444
Rs.
Kwh
0.1348
Rs./unit
539260
4.20%
4175829
603
Rs./MW/Day
2000 per day
5000.00
90450
60000
5000
Rs.
2530709.92
G=A*603*30
H=2000x30
I
J=C+E+G+H
+I
Rs./Unit
0.70
K=J/B
Rs.
Kwh
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Formulae
A
B=Ax10^3x3
0x24
C=Bx0..51
D=A/(110.01%)
E=Dx.1348
F=D/(14.20%)
39
Net value
5
Unit
MW
3600000
Kwh
1836000
Rs.
Kwh
4000444
539260
Rs.
Kwh
Formulae
A
B=Ax10^3x3
0x24
C=Bx0..51
D=A/(110.01%)
E=Dx.1348
Rs.
2801759.92
F=D/(14.20%)
G=A*2410*3
0
H=2000x30
I
J=C+E+G+H
+I
Rs./Unit
0.78
K=J/B
4175829
361500
60000
5000
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
40
Value
Net value
Contracted Capacity
MW
Total Consumption in a
Month(Units)
3600000
Kwh
B=Ax10^3x30x2
4
0.72 Rs./unit
2592000
Rs.
Kwh
C=Bx0.72
6.00%
3829787
Wheeling Charges
Units at G>T grossing up
Transmission loss
0.26 Rs./unit
995745
2.10%
3911938
Transmission Charges
0.28 Rs./unit
1095343
Rs.
G=F x .28
60000
Rs.
H=2000x30
5000.00
5000
Rs.
Rs.
4748087.30
J=C+E+G+H+I
Rs./Unit
1.32
K=J/B
Unit
Formulae
D=A/(1-6%)
Rs.
Kwh
E=Dx.26
F=D/(1-2.10%)
41
40
40
2.50
2.50
4.00%
0.00%
10.00%
4.00%
0.00%
6.00%
2.86
2.76
0.03
0.03
0.10
0.10
0.13
0.00
0.08
0.01
0.02
0
0.08
0.01
0.03
0
3.23
3.00
Losses
NR Loss#
State & Wheeling Losses
Cost After Losses (in Rs per unit)
Charges
42
5
8
40
2.50
Losses
WR Loss
State Loss
Wheeling Losses
6.00%
4.29%
0.00%
2.76
Charges
0.60
0.00
4.08
0.10
0.08
0.01
0.02
0.51
43
44
46
Standby Charges
The various provisions of Act and Policies mandate
the DISCOM of providing standby to OA customers.
Unfair on behalf of DISCOMs to keep non open access
consumers in dark and provide standby without levying
reasonable charges for the standby supply arrangements.
Solution ?
Purchase from market
Enter into a PPA
System Operator Training
47
Possible Solution
A vibrant market working in the country
In case a particular State becomes surplus, the surplus as
and when available can be sold in the market.
System Operator Training
48
49
50
51
Procedural Clarity
Imbalance settlement
Treatment of under-drawal and over-drawl by Open Access
Consumer
Metering Arrangements
ToD meter or SEM
Meter specifications
Costs involved
Billing Arrangements
Procedure for billing
Entities responsible for billing for wheeling, energy
component etc.
Manner of payment of bills
Breach of PPAs
Breaching an already existing PPA to sell power in
the open market.
Honouring contracts is important
Need to initiate necessary safeguards for this.
53
54
State
Tariff (Discom)*
(Rs./kWh)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Assam
Chhattisgarh (Short term)
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka (BESCOM) - ST
Maharashtra (MSEDCL area)
Orissa ( WESCO)
Punjab ( short term)
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh ( short term)
Madhya Pradesh
Uttarakhand ( Long term)
Gujarat
West Bengal - short term
Tamil Nadu
Delhi
Andhra Pradesh
Kerala
Bihar ( HTS)
Jharkhand
2.94
1.00
1.03
1.32
1.00
0.84
1.81
0.61
0.97
0.66
1.00
1.47
1.34
2.81
2.47
1.93
0.97
2.38
2.56
1.44
6.94
5.00
5.03
5.32
5.00
4.84
5.81
4.61
4.97
4.66
5.00
5.47
5.34
6.81
6.47
5.93
4.97
6.38
6.56
5.44
3.25
3.38
4.57
3.04
4.15
4.53
2.91
5.09
3.98
4.29
4.57
3.9
7.39
3.95
3.96
4.05
3.49
3.94
4.35
4.48
56
Jharkhand
Bihar ( HTS)
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Delhi
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal - short term
Gujarat
Uttarakhand ( Long term)
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh ( short term)
Rajasthan
Punjab ( short term)
Orissa ( WESCO)
Maharashtra (MSEDCL area)
Karnataka (BESCOM) - ST
Himachal Pradesh
Haryana
Chhattisgarh (Short term)
Assam
5.44
6.56
6.38
3.94
3.49
4.05
3.96
3.95
4.97
5.93
6.47
6.81
5.34
5.47
3.9
4.57
5.00
4.29
4.66
3.98
4.97
5.09
4.61
2.91
3.04
3.38
3.25
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
7.39
4.00
4.53
4.84
4.15
5.00
5.32
4.57
5.03
5.00
5.81
6.94
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
57
Cross
Subsidy
Surcharge
in
Different
States
Source:
Forum of
Regulators
System Operator Training
58
Functions of SLDC
Section 32 (2), EA 2003:
The State Load Despatch Centre shall (a) be responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within a
State, in accordance with the contracts entered into withthe licensees or the
generating companies operating in that State;
(b) monitor grid operations;
(c) keep accounts of the quantity of electricity transmitted through the
State grid;
(d) exercise supervision and control over the intra-state transmission system;
and
(e) be responsible for carrying out real time operations for grid control and
despatch of electricity within the State through secure and economic operation
of the State grid in accordance with the Grid Standards and the State Grid Code
62
DISCUSSION
saxena.samir@gmail.com
63