PRESENTATION OF GROUP VIII

BY
ABDULHAQ
HINA DAWAR
SAIMA RASOOL
SOHAIB ANJUM
KHADIJHA KHALID
PROCESSOR
So what is the processor? Well in the
simplest of terms, it’s your computers
brain. The processor tells your computer
what to do and when to do it, it decides
which tasks are more important and
prioritizes them to your computers
needs.
In a market there is many types of
processor
The speed is measured in Megahertz or MHz. A single
MHz is a calculation of 1 million cycles per second (or
computer instructions),

Another important abbreviation is Gigahertz or GHz.

A single GHz or 1 GHz is the same as 1000 MHz .
Sounds a bit confusing, so here is a simple conversion

TWO TYPES OF PROCESSOR

socket
slot
 Intel Pentium 1
 90 mhz with 66 mhz
 100 mhz
 133 mhz
 166 mhz
 200 mhz
 233 mhz
 Pentium 2
 Start with 233 mhz with the 66 , 100mhz
 266 mhz
 300 mhz
 366 mhz
 400 mhz
 450 mhz stop
 Pentium 3
 Start with 450 mhz with 100, 133 mhz
 500 mhz
 550 ,600,733mhz up to 1.3ghz
 Three category of processor are made that are
 Socket (Intel Celeron ) with 600/128/100
 Socket( Intel) with 600/256/133
 slot (Intel) with 600/512/133
 Pentium 4
 Start with 1.4 ghz with 256 RAM and 133
cache
 2.0mhz/256ram/400cache
 Also 2.0/512/533
 Up to 3.8/512/800
 Another types
 Processors now come as
 dual core
 triple core
 quad core
 These processors are the equivalent of
running two cpu's (Dual core), three CPU's
( Triple core) or four (Quad core).
 Desktop processor

 Intel® Core™ processor family

 Intel® Pentium® processor family
 Intel® Celeron® processor family
 Intel atom processor
 Intel xeon/itanium processor
 Intel® Core™ processor family
• Intel® Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition
• 3.33ghz/8MB cache/1066mhz ram
• Intel® Core™ i7 processor 2.93ghz
• Intel® Core™ i5 processor
• 2.66mhz/8mb cache/1333mhz ram
• Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor
• 3.2ghz/12mb of l2 cache/1600mhz
• Intel® Core™2 Quad processor
• 3ghz/12mb/1333mhz
• Intel® Core™2 Duo processor
• 2.93ghz/4mb/1066mhz
 Intel® Pentium® processor
 The Intel® Pentium® processor delivers great
desktop performance, low power
enhancements, and multitasking for everyday
computing
 P1 up to p4
 Intel® Celeron® processor
• The Intel® Celeron® processor-based desktop
platforms offer a robust computing experience
together with the outstanding quality and reliability
you expect from Intel.
• E1200
• 1.6ghz/512/800mhz
• E3300
• 2.5ghz/1mb/800mhz
 Intel atom : mobile internet devices and world
smallest transistors
 Z550:2.5ghz/512k/533mhz bus
 Z540:1.8ghz
 Intel xeon/itanium: 4digit numerical squence
 Intel xeon 7400:
 multi processor /16mb L3
 LAPTOP

•A portable computer small enough to use in your lap.

•A portable personal computer
 Why a Laptop?
The main advantage of a laptop computer is:
 Mobility.
 Reduced size.
 Light weight.
 Connectivity.
 HISTORY OF LAPTOP
 Designed in 1979 by a Briton,
William Moggridge, for Grid Systems
Corporation.
 More History of Laptops
 Also released in 1981, was the Epson HX-20, a battery powered portable
computer, with a 20-character by 4 line LCD display and a built-in printer .
 In January of 1982, Microsoft's Kazuhiko Nishi and Bill Gates begin
discussions on designing a portable computer, based on using a new liquid
crystal display or LCD screen .
 In 1988, Compaq Computer introduces its first laptop PC with VGA graphics -
the Compaq SLT/286.
 In September 1989, Apple Computer released the first Macintosh Portable
that later evolved into the Powerbook.
 In October 1989, Compaq released its its first note book PC, the Compaq LTE.
 In 1993, the first PDAs or personal digital assistant are released. PDAs are pen
based hand held computers.
 In October 1992, IBM released its Think pad 700 laptop computer.
 Classification of Laptop

1. Desktop Replacement.
A desktop replacement laptop is similar to the desktop computer with similar
level of performance. Desktop replacement are usually larger and heavier than
standard laptops.
2. Rugged Laptop.
A rugged laptop is designed to reliably operate in harsh usage conditions such as
strong vibrations, extreme temperatures, and wet or dusty envronments . Rugged
notebooks are bulkier, heavier, and much more expensive than regular laptops.
3. Tablet PC - Has a touch-screen interface, may or may not have a keyboard;
 ADVANTAGES
 Portability – You can easily take it anywhere, where you wants.
 Size and Weight – They are small in size and light in weight.
 Low power consumption - They consume less power than the
desktop computers. Laptops are several times more power-efficient than desktops.
 Quiet – They are quiet than the desktop, and have no noise.
 Connectivity- You can get connected any where and can done your work,
through internet or using Wi-fie.

 Battery – a charged laptop can run several hours in case of a power

outage, While the desktop requires a large and heavier UPS.
 DISADVANTAGES.
 Security- Being valuable, common and portable, laptops are prized targets
for theft, therefore we losses the laptop as well as the valuable data.
 Upgradeability- Upgradeability of laptops is very limited compared
to desktops, In general, hard drives and memory can be upgraded easily. but all
other internal components, including the CPU, motherboard and graphics, are not
intended to be upgradeable.
 Expensive- The are more expensive than the desktop computers, so every
intended person cannot purchase it.
 Limited life- They have limited life, it is lasts for only 2 to 3 years
if it is a good make and is used under average treatment
 LAPTOP VS DESKTOP

 Mobility- You can easily move it, while the desktop are not.
 Upgrades- The desktop computers can be easily upgraded, while it is
difficult to upgrade the laptop.
 Price- Laptops are higher priced than the desktop computers.
 Graphics and Gaming – We can use special graphic card for
in desktop for gaming, while laptop cannot support higher graphic card.
 LAPTOP VS NOTEBOOK
NOTE BOOK
1. Ultra light. Less weight is better.
2. 4 - 5 hour battery life.
3. No internal floppy drive.
4. Minimal graphics subsystem.

5. No internal DVD or CD system.

6. 12" - 14" TFT screen.
7. Integrated modem and network connection.
8. Smallest possible keyboard that retains functionality.
9. Low power consumption Celeron/Centrino or Sempron style processor.
 LAPTOP VS DESKTOP

The Laptop Computer

1. 14" - 17" (widescreen) TFT screen.
2. Internal DVD-ROM or DVD-RW drive
3. Large full featured keyboard.
4. 3 hour+ battery life.
5. Upgradeable.
6. Integrated modem, network, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi capabilities.
7. High quality integrate audio and speaker system.
8. Low power consumption, high performance Intel Centrino style
processor.
 LATEST LAPTOPS
Hp Pavilion DV6-2000t
Specifications.

Operating System- Genuine Windows 7 Premium Edition

Processor - Intel Core i7-720QM Processor (6M Cache, 1.60 GHz)

Hard Drive - Hard Drive 500GB
 RAM- 4GB RAM, RAM TYPE DDR2.

PRICE. Price Rupees:  128000
 LATEST LAPTOPS
Sony Vaio VGN-Z46GD.
Specifications.
 Operating System- Genuine Windows Vista Business.
 Processor - Intel Centrino 2 Processor Technology
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor P9700 (2.80 GHz)
 Hard Disk Drive- Hard Disk Drive 320 GB.
 PRICE. Price Rupees:  217990
 LATEST LAPTOPS
1. Dell Studio XPS 1645 (Red & Black)
SPECIFICATION.
 Operating System - Genuine Windows Windows 7 Professional
 Processor - Intel Core i7-720QM Quad Core Mobile Processor
(1.6GHz, turbo up to 2.8GHz, 6MB L3 Cache)
 Hard Drive- 500GB Hard Drive SATA
 RAM- RAM 4GB.
 PRICE. Price Rupees:  124990
 LATEST LAPTOPS
Acer Aspire 5738DG.
SPECIFICATIONS.
Operating System - Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium
Processor - Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile Processor T6600 (2MB L2 cache,
2.20GHz, 800MHz FSB)
RAM- 4GB (2/2) DDR2 800 SDRAM
Hard Disk -320GB SATA hard drive.
PRICE - Price Rupees:  91990
MOBILE PHONES
History
• In the beginning, two-way radios (known as mobile rigs)
were used in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers,
ambulances, and the like, but were not mobile phones
because they were not normally connected to the telephone
network.

• Users could not dial phone numbers from their vehicles.

• A large community of mobile radio users, known as the

mobileers, popularized the technology that would eventually
give way to the mobile phone.

• Nowadays, mobile phone is one of the most essential things

of people.

• It takes much convince for people.

• The technology of mobile phone is increase rapidly

everyday
GENERATIONS
 1-G

 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation

of mobile telephone networks. These systems used analogue
circuit-switched technology, with FDMA (Frequency Division
Multiple Access), and worked mainly in the 800-900 MHz
frequency bands. The networks had a low traffic capacity,
unreliable handover, poor voice quality, and poor security.
 2-G

 2G - Second Generation introduced for the first time a mobile

phone system that used purely digital technology.
 2.5-G

• 2.5G extends the capabilities of 2G systems by providing

additional features, such as a packet-switched connection
(GPRS) in the TDMA-based GSM system, and enhanced data
rates (HSCSD and EDGE).
• These enhancements in 2.5G systems permit data speeds of 64-
144 kbps, which enables these phones to feature web browsing,
the use of navigation and navigational maps, voice mail, fax, and
the sending and receiving of large email messages.
 3-G

• 3G systems are that they support much higher data

transmission rates and offer increased capacity, which makes
them suitable for high-speed data applications as well as for
the traditional voice calls. In fact, 3G systems are designed to
process data, and since voice signals are converted to digital
data, this results in speech being dealt with in much the same
way as any other form of data. Third Generation systems use
packet-switching technology, which is more efficient and
faster than the traditional circuit-switched systems
 4-G

 4G communication system, this technology can have a high

uplink rate up to 200Mbps, more data can transfer in the
mobile phone. So the 4G mobile can have more function such
as work as the television
 FUNCTIONS
• Store contact information

• Make task or to-do lists

• Keep track of appointments and set reminders

• Use the built-in calculator for simple math

• Send or receive e-mail

• Get information (news, entertainment, stock
quotes) from the Internet

• Play games

• Watch TV

• Send text messages

• Integrate other devices such as PDAs, MP3

players and GPS receivers
 MERITS
 Stay connected anytime and anywhere

 There are many situations in which a person

can’t attend a call, so all you have to do is
simply send an SMS and without talking your
message is delivered.

 Your way out in emergencies

 Navigation in your hand

• cell phones are nowadays almost equivalent to
mini computers. The latest ones are equipped with
windows and internet facilities

• Enhance your business

• Help in legal matters

• Wholesome entertainment

• Transfer of data
 DEMERITS
 Never ending interruptions

 Distracted Drivers

 Negative impact on personal contact

 Health Effect

 Bottomless money pit

MOBILE PHONES
AREN'T ALL BAD
Mobile phones are not bad at all. They provide
convenience and safety to those who use it and
they can substantially improve the productivity
of the workers. However you feel about the
mobile phones, one thing is clear. They are
here to stay. Just don’t always look at them
through a rose-tinted lens.
 USE OF COMPUTERS
IN OUR DAILY LIVES
With the advent of computer lifestyle has entirely changed.
The word computer makes us first visualize the mechanical
device that we use everyday in our personal and professional
lives. Computers have played an immense role in making
various tasks easier and speedy. Advances in technology have
changed the way we communicate with other. Our working
schedules and procedures have changed and become less
hectic and less time consuming. Computers are now being
used for several purposes like;
 Record keeping
The increase in the speed of work has helped us
to do many things with less resources like in
past a lot of manpower was used for record
keeping and files and other things were made
to keep the records saved.
 Maximum speed and efficiency
Computers have helped us to work with
machines which have the ability to produce the
best quality of products with maximum speed
and efficiency. With the help of computer we
are able to cater for the need of quantity and
quality of products required in daily life.
 Helpful in acquiring any type of
information
Computer has enabled us to get the
information form one part of the world to the
other at a very rapid pace. It provides us with
any type of information we are looking for,
related to education, news, politics, medicine,
stock market, business, fashion etc
 Communication
We can communicate with anyone in the world
without spending much money and even much
faster. We can get in touch with our family
members/friends/relatives anytime all over the
world at minimum or no cost at all via online
messages, chatting etc
 On-line banking
Many banks are now introducing on-line banking.  
Using our computer, we can connect to the banks
computer system (often via the Internet) and control
our day-to-day finances from home.  The concept of
on-line banking has enormous benefits to the banks;
they can increase their profits while reducing their
investment in staff and buildings.  Many customers
find the advantage of paying bills and moving money
between accounts, from the comfort of their own
home as a very attractive idea
Working from home (Tele-working)

If we have a computer at our home, linked to the

office via a modem, there is often little real need to
travel to the office.  Many people find that working at
home is more productive, and often far less stressful
than fighting their way through the commuters into a
large city!  Many sales people rarely see their head
office as they communicate with their companies via
phone calls or emails.
 Accounts
Many people now balance the monthly budget
using their computer.
 Games:
The vast majority of home computers are still
used to play games on
NADRA KIOSK , ATM MACHINE,
BIO MATRICES
The advent of computer and its applications
has greatly improved the public services and
the quality of science and technological
developments. Its few examples are given
below;
 Nadra kiosk

 ATM machine

 Biomatrices
 NADRA KIOSK
NADRA has developed automated NADRA KIOSK (NK) for bill
payments and e-transactions which operates 24 hours a day in big cities.
NK enables users to securely access personal accounts and pay their utility
bills on selected utility companies. They can pay host of bills including
Sui-Gas, electricity, telephone and update their accounts in real time by
using CNIC. Payments are made by inserting the cash directly into NK
cash acceptor without charging any fees. This scheme is being offered in
all the cities and towns of Pakistan where dialup or WLL or similar
telecommunication technology is available.
NADRA has introduced two types of KIOSKs. NK and NADRA Swift
Registration Centre (NSRC) counters. At NSRC counters, KIOSK setup
has been created and transactions are carried out online using desktop
computers. Recovery schedules are easy and by cross Cheques and cash
deposits are managed in semi-computerized way. People prefer online
transactions rather than spending time on queue to pay the bills.
 ATM machine
An automated teller machine (ATM) or the automatic banking
machine (ABM) is a computerized telecommunications device
that provides the clients of a financial institution with access
to financial transactions in a public space without the need for
a cashier, human clerk or bank teller. On most modern ATMs,
the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with
a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, that
contains a unique card number and some security information,
such as an expiration date or CVVC (CVV). Authentication is
provided by the customer entering a personal identification
number (PIN).
 BIO MATRICES:
Biometrics comprises methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon
one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. In information
technology, in particular, biometrics is used as a form of identity access
management and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in
groups that are under surveillance Biometric characteristics can be divided
in two main classes;

 Physiological are related to the shape of the body. Examples include

fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, hand and palm geometry, iris
recognition, which has largely replaced retina, and odor/scent.
 Behavioral are related to the behavior of a person.Examples include
typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term
behaviometrics for this class of biometrics.
LATEST HARDWARE
TECHNOLOGIES
 Kingston DDR3 Rams
 DDR stands for Double Data Rate
 It is the 3rd generation Ram in DDR
 It is a random access memory interface
technology used for high bandwidth storage
of the working data of a computer or other
digital electronic devices
 These Rams range from 256mb to 2gb
 It supports 0.075v to 1.5v power supply
 Its operating temperature 0C to 85C
 Microsoft Arc Mouse
 It is a wireless mouse
 The Arc Mouse is one of the remarkable design
innovations that will fit the style of many
design oriented consumers while meeting the
performance needs of computer enthusiast.
 Sleek and stylish this mouse looks good while
delivering 200 dpi resolution and 30 inches per
second laser tracking speed.
 Gaming Keyboard

 Switch able numeric keypad

 Transition from work mode to game mode
with the press of a key
 Up to 30 programmable keys that can allow
up to 90 programmable options with an
assigned gaming profile
 WASD gaming keys, Multimedia keys
 A Plug and Play Hardware
 Gaming Mouse

 Blue track mouse tracking engine,

wireless capabilities
 Up to 30 hours of active gaming on a
single charge, or use the play-and-charge
cable for non-stop action.
 12 buttons , 7 of which are programmable
 DPI up to 4000
 Portable Hard
Drives
 Seagate® Expansion™ External Drives
are the latest portable hard drives
 Capacity of 500GB, 1TB, 1.5TB or 2TB
 USB 2.0 connectivity
 No software installation required
 Automatically recognized by Windows®
 Simply drag and drop to save files
 Motherboards

 The latest motherboard is MSI Eclipse Plus

motherboard.
 Supports core i7 processor
 Supports up to 24gb of RAM
 8 USB ports
 4 PCI slots
 2 PS/2 ports
 Desktop Computer
 The latest Desktop Computer is Dell Studio one 19
 Core 2 Duo processor
 Windows Vista Basic Home Edition
 4gb DDR2 Rams
 500gb Hard Disk
 6 USB 2.0 ports
 Card reader
 Webcam
 Wireless keyboard and mouse
 “ Computers are magnificent tools for the
realization of our dreams, but no machine can
replace the human spark of spirit, compassion,
love and understanding”

Louis Gerstner, Chief executive officer of

IBM,USA
 THANKS….
PRESENTED BY:
ABDULHAQ
HINA AZIZ
SAIMA RASOOL
SOHAIB ANJUM
KHADIJHA KHALID

Under the kind supervision of:

SIR USMAN SHAZADA