1

1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY

POWER QUALITY DEFINITION
Power Quality is a set of electrical boundaries that
allows a piece of equipment to function in its intended
manner without significant loss of performance or life
expectancy.
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
Electrical boundaries:

Voltage

urrent

!requency
"
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHY STUDY POWER QUALITY ?
1. #he e$olution of electrical power systems
%
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHY STUDY POWER QUALITY ?
". &oad criticality
'
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHY STUDY POWER QUALITY ?
%. ost of (nterruption
)
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHY STUDY POWER QUALITY ?
'. #ypes of &oad
CRITICAL LOADS
NON- CRITICAL LOADS
SENSITIVE LOADS
NON- SENSITIVE LOADS
LINEAR LOADS
NON- LINEAR LOADS
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
*
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHY STUDY POWER QUALITY ?
). +eregulation of ,tility (ndustry
-
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
TYPES OF LOADS
1. SENSITIVE LOADS

&oad that ha$e !" tolerance for changes in electrical

power supply .e.g.: $oltage/ frequency de$iations0

1rains of all computers 2 integrated circuit .(0 chips

( 2 source of load sensiti$ity3 used to be transistor

4anufacturer to increase the density electrical

components in ( 2 causing more PQ problem
5
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
TYPES OF LOADS
#. NON-SENSITIVE LOADS

&oad that ha$e $%&$ tolerance for changes in electrical

power supply .e.g.: $oltage/ frequency de$iations0
6
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
TYPES OF LOADS
3. LINEAR LOADS

&oad in which $oltage and current signals follow one

another $ery closely.

Example: Voltage drop across a constant resistance

.cable07 $aries depending on the current flowing through
it.
18
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
TYPES OF LOADS
3. LINEAR LOADS 'C!().*

!ollow 9hm:s &aw

( )
( )
R
t v
t i =
11
TYPES OF LOADS
4. NON-LINEAR LOADS

&oad/ equipment that increases or reduces its consumption

of electricity in a non;linear fashion.
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY

urrent < Voltage do not follow each other linearly.

=a$eshape of steady;state current does not follow

wa$eshape of the applied $oltage.

>ot a pure resistance7 capacitance or inductance.

1"
TYPES OF LOADS
4. NON-LINEAR LOADS 'C!().*
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY

>on; linearity results in generation of harmonics.

(t contains electronic components to control the function of

equipment to meet the requirements of the loads.
1%
TYPES OF LOADS
4. NON-LINEAR LOADS 'C!().*

Examples: ?d@ustable Apeed +ri$es .?A+07 Electronic

balast for flourescent light7 arc welder.
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
1'
1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
BPB 44103: POWER QUALITY
WHO INVOLVED IN PQ INDUSTRY?
R + D
ORGANISATIONS
CONSULTANTS
STANDARD
ORGANISATIONS
MONITORING
EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURERS
POWER
CONDITIONING
EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURERS
UTILITIES
END-USERS LAWYERS
END-USER
EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURERS