GOOD POSTURE

AND POSTURAL
DEFORMITIES
Poor posture is the posture that
results from certain muscles
tightening up or shortening while
others lengthen and become weak
which often occurs as a result of
one's daily activities. There are
different factors which can impact
on posture and they include
occupational activities and
biomechanical factors such as force
and repetition. Risk factors for poor
posture also include psychosocial
factors such as job stress and
strain. Workers who have higher job
stress are more likely to develop
neck and shoulder symptoms.
Poor posture
A good posture is the state of muscular and
skeletal balance which protects the supporting
structures of the body against injury and
progressive deformities, irrespective of the
attitude in which these structures are
working or resting
under these conditions, the muscles
will function most efficiently and
the optimum positions are afforded for
the thoracic and abdominal organs.
There is no single best posture for all
individuals. Each person must take the
body he / she has and make the best of
it. The good Posture is the one that
suits ones own condition and the
condition of the environment.
e.g. during attention. The normal
posture will be erect, while in extreme
fatigue, the normal posture will be that
conserves energy.
It is a visible abnormality in
shape of any part of the body .
SPINAL DEFORMITIES
KYPHOSIS
It is a backward angulations above
40 degrees .
Types :
I-Mobile
Compensatory { exaggerated lordosis}
Postural {bad habit of sitting in
adolescence }
Muscle weakness
II-Fixed
Angular {fracture , T.B., Calve
disease}
Rounded (regular) {Scheuermann
disease , Senile kyphosis ,ankylosing
spondylitis }
Treatment
1- of the cause
2- Conservative {physiotherapy , brace }
3- Surgery
SCOLIOSIS
Lateral angulation of the spine with vertebral
rotation .
Types :
I-Non structural ( correctable , angulation
without rotation )
Postural { in adolescent girls due to bad
habit of sitting}
Compensatory {short limb , secondary
curve}
Muscle abnormalities
II- Structural { not correctable}
Idiopathic
Congenital
Neuromuscular
Treatment
1- Observation
2- Conservative {exercise , brace }
3- Surgery (curves above 50)

ELBOW DEFORMITIES
Cubitus Varus
The carrying angle is below
normal (10-15) .

Cubitus Valgus
The carrying angle is above
normal .

The patient can not fully extend the
elbow
KNEE DEFORMITIES
Genu Varum
Causes
I- Physiological (up to 2 years )
II- Bone softening disease
III- Trauma to the upper tibial
plate growth
VI- Blount disease

Genu Valgum
Causes
I Physiological (up to 4 years )
II Bone softening disease
III Trauma to the upper tibial plate
growth
HIP DEFORMITIES
Coxa Vara
Coxa vara describes angle
smaller then normal
Coxa Valga
Coxa Valga describes excessive
angle
FOOT DEFORMITIES
Flat Foot
It is flattening of the longitudinal
arch of the foot
Pes Cavus
It is high arched foot

Causes :
1- Idiopathic (Most common)
2- Neurogenic : poliomelitis , Friederich attaxia
and Charcot-Marie Tooth disease .
3- Posttraumatic : with tarsal bone fracture
4-Compartmental syndromes : High arched foot
is usually associated with clawing of the
toes.


Causes :
1- Infantile : very frequent in infant and
children-disappears with growth due to arch
development
2- Static : seen in adolescence with long standing
due to fatigue of muscles supporting the arch of the
foot .Early it is mobile but it becomes rigid later .
3- In poliomyelitis : Due to muscle imbalance
4- Traumatic : fracture of tarsal bone .