Tables Views Data Elements Domains Search Help Lock Objects Using a Table in an ABAP Program PricewaterhouseCoopers Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary Table C Table B Table A Data Element 1 Data Element 2 Domain PricewaterhouseCoopers Tables TABLE KNA1 (Customers) Name 1 ORT 02 MANDT KUNNR Table: KNA1 PricewaterhouseCoopers Create a Table Enter a description (short text). Maintain delivery class Table Maintenance attributes PricewaterhouseCoopers Create a Table Maintain field attributes PricewaterhouseCoopers Two-Level Domain Concept Data Element 1 Data Element 2 Domain PricewaterhouseCoopers Data Elements Table B Table A Data Element 1 PricewaterhouseCoopers Pre-Defined Data Elements PricewaterhouseCoopers Data Element Documentation PricewaterhouseCoopers Create Data Element Enter a description (short text). Enter domain name. PricewaterhouseCoopers Create Data Element Maintain field labels and column headers. PricewaterhouseCoopers Domains Table A Data Elements Domain PricewaterhouseCoopers Characteristics of Domains Table A Data Elements Domain PricewaterhouseCoopers Allowed Values Value Table Domain Domain January February March . . . . . . . December PricewaterhouseCoopers valid values invalid values Benefits of Using Allowed Values PricewaterhouseCoopers Create a Domain
Enter a description (short text). Enter data type and length. PricewaterhouseCoopers Create a Domain Explicit values or a value table may be entered. PricewaterhouseCoopers Using a Table in Program Code TABLES: YEMPLOY.
SELECT * FROM YEMPLOY.
WRITE: / YEMPLOY-ID YEMPLOY-NAME YEMPLOY-SALARY
ENDSELECT. PricewaterhouseCoopers Foreign Key Relationships Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields PricewaterhouseCoopers Definition of Foreign Keys PricewaterhouseCoopers Uses of Foreign Keys Maintain data integrity Provide help texts Create aggregate dictionary objects PricewaterhouseCoopers Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain. A value table must exist for that domain. PricewaterhouseCoopers Check Table Value Table Foreign Keys: Key Terminology Foreign Key Table PricewaterhouseCoopers Lets review some of the key terminology relating to foreign keys. Value table: The table containing the set of allowed values attached to a domain. Check table: The table that is referenced by a foreign key. A check table is either identical to a value table, or is another table containing a subset of the records in a value table. Foreign key table: The table containing fields that are the primary key of the other table. The foreign key table is also known own as the dependent or child table.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 25 EXAMPLE: For example, suppose a telephone company stores general customer information in the CUSTOMERS table and stores specialised information about business customers in the BUSINESS_CUSTOMERS table. Suppose that there was also a BUSINESS_OWNERS table that listed the owners of all business customers. The BUSINESS_OWNERS table might consist of two fields: Customer ID and the name of each individual owner. In this case, we would establish a foreign key relationship between the BUSINESS_OWNERS table and the BUSINESS-CUSTOMERS table. The value table for the customer ID field in the BUSINESS_OWNERS table would be the CUSTOMERS table, but the check table would be the BUSINESS_CUSTOMERS table. The foreign key table would be the BUSINESS_OWNERS table.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Creating a Foreign Key Relationship Foreign key push-button PricewaterhouseCoopers Cardinality n : m 1 C 1 C N CN PricewaterhouseCoopers When creating foreign key relationships, you should always specify the cardinality of that relationship. Here is a reminder of the possible values for each side of the n : m notation that SAP uses to specify cardinality. For a fuller review of cardinality, see Chapter 2. For the left side: n = 1 Each record in the foreign key table refers to exactly one record in the check table. n = C Each record in the foreign key table refers to zero or one records in the check table. For the right side: m = 1 Each record in the check table has exactly one dependent record. m = C Each record in the check table has a zero or one dependent records. m = N Each record in the check table has at least one dependent record. m = CN Each record in the check table has zero, one, or many dependent entities.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships Attributes Check table (defaults to value table) Enter a description (short text). Maintain cardinality n : m Maintain foreign key type PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 30 Foreign Key Field Type:
The foreign key field type indicates whether the foreign key fields belong to the primary key (or a candidate key) of the foreign key table.
A candidate key is a field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies a record, but it is not necessarily the primary key of that table. (In some tables, there are multiple candidates for the primary key, but only one combination can be selected to be the primary key.)
Key Fields of a Text Table are a special instance of Key Fields or Key Field Candidates. An additional condition in this case is that the dependent table is a language-dependent text table for the referenced table. The key of the text table is composed of the key of the referenced table and a language key.
For example, the table T005T contains language-dependent descriptions of country codes. The key fields of this table are client (MANDT), language key (SPRAS), and country key (LAND1). The foreign key type of the foreign key on the field LAND1 is Key Fields of a Text Table. This is because LAND1 and SPRAS (the language key) are both part of the primary key of T005T.
Foreign key fields that do not belong to the identifying fields of the foreign key table are of the type: Non-key Field Candidates.
PricewaterhouseCoopers ABAP Dictionary Tables in Relational Databases SAP Table Types Technical Settings Indexes PricewaterhouseCoopers SAP Table Types Transparent Table (TRANSP) Structure (INTTAB) Pool Table Cluster Table View PricewaterhouseCoopers Transparent Tables Type = TRANSP Master Data PricewaterhouseCoopers Table Types TRANSP in the Database DB PROFILE PricewaterhouseCoopers Pool Tables: Overview PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 36 Cluster Tables : Overview PricewaterhouseCoopers Technical Settings Master Transaction Organization & Customizing User Data class Number of data records in DB storage Single records, generic, full, not buffered on or off Size category Buffering Log data changes PricewaterhouseCoopers Master data User data Data Class Organization and Customizing data Transaction data DB PricewaterhouseCoopers Size Categories PricewaterhouseCoopers Buffering Type None
PricewaterhouseCoopers Table Index: Primary Index PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 44 Table Index: Secondary Index PricewaterhouseCoopers DB Database Utility PricewaterhouseCoopers ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views Definition Relational operations Types of views Using a view in program code PricewaterhouseCoopers What is a View? PricewaterhouseCoopers The Most Basic Form of a View PricewaterhouseCoopers The Relational Operations Table 2 Selection View B Table 1 Projection View A View C Join Table 4 Table 3 PricewaterhouseCoopers The Projection Operation Projection View A Table 1 PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 51 Specifying Projected Fields Can use any name if database view, otherwise must be same name as table field. Indicate actual table Fields and data elements. PricewaterhouseCoopers The Selection Operation Selection View B Table 2 Example: Staff Level <= 3 PricewaterhouseCoopers Specifying Selection Criteria 1 3 5 2 4 Can include unprojected fields PricewaterhouseCoopers The Join Operation Table 3 Join Table 4 View C PricewaterhouseCoopers Inner Join & Outer Join PricewaterhouseCoopers ID Salary Date Effective 5579 $10,000.00 10/1/91 5579 $11,000.00 10/1/92 5579 $12,000.00 10/1/94 5579 $13,000.00 10/1/96 Understanding the Join Operation ID Name Employee Salary Right PricewaterhouseCoopers The Join Operation and Foreign Keys View C Join Table 4 Table 3 Primary Secondary PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 58 Specifying Joined Fields Hit button to see related tables and automatically generate join conditions. Indicate base tables that data will come from. PricewaterhouseCoopers Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary Database View Projection View Help View Maintenance View PricewaterhouseCoopers The Database View PricewaterhouseCoopers The Projection View PricewaterhouseCoopers Help View PricewaterhouseCoopers Maintenance View Transaction : SM30, SE54 PricewaterhouseCoopers Using a View in Program Code TABLES: YXXEMP_V.
ENDSELECT. PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 65 Overview of Search Helps Benefits of Search Helps Elementary Search Helps Collective Search Helps Search Help Exits PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 66 The Benefits of Search Helps What was Smiths vendor number, anyway? F4 PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 67 Elementary vs. Collective Collective Search Help E l e m e n t a r y
1 Field H Field B Field K E l e m e n t a r y
2 Field Z Field O E l e m e n t a r y
3 Field A E l e m e n t a r y
4 Field R Field X Field B Field O Field Q PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 68 Creating an Elementary Search Help
Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on workbench, or from within Repository Browser. PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 69 Defining an Elementary Search Help Optio nal exit Hit List Display Method Used to identify search help Data source for hit list Interface Parameters PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 70 Defining an Elementary Search Help - Interface Parameters Parameters for values you want to send and receive Declaration of parameters as import and/or export Parameter is display only Data element associated with parameter Position parameter will be on hit list Position parameter will be on dialog box Optional default for parameter PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 71 Assigning an Elementary Search Help - Priority Levels Table Data Element Field PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 72 Using Elementary Search Helps F4 PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 73 Defining a Collective Search Help - Interface Notice there is no selection method. A collective search help is a set of one or more elementary search helps. PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 74 Defining a Collective Search Help - Adding Elementary Search Helps Dont forget to assign parameters for each elementary search help. PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 75 Using a Collective Search Help F4 Only difference from Before - toggle tab between elementary Search helps. PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 76 Lock Object Naming Convention : Starts with E Lock Object will generate 2 function modules:
ENQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME> DEQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>
Setting & Releasing Lock: Setting the lock : Call function ENQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME> UPDATE < LOBJ.NAME>
Releasing the lock: Call function DEQUEUE_<LOBJ.NAME>