Acid Base And

salt
Acids

Acids are those chemical substance which

have a sour taste.

The acids present in plant material and

animal are called organic acids.
Ex- citric acid,lactic acid.

The acids prepared from the materials of the

earth are called mineral acids.

Ex- hydrochloric acid,sulphuric acid.

An acids which is completely ionized in water and thus
produces a large amount of hydrogen ions is called a
strong acid.
All the mineral acids are strong acids.Only one mineral
acid,carbonic acid is a wea acid.
!trong acids are very dangerous to drin
Even the dilute solutions of stong acids are extremely
harmful to drin.
Ex- "#$,"%!O&.
Strong Acids
An acid which is partially ionized in water and thus produses a
small amount of hydrogen ions is called a wea acid
The organic acids are wea acid.
The dilute solution of wea acids are 'uite safe to drin.
The organic acids lie acetic acid,citric acid and tartaric acid
are used as food ingredients.
Ex- acetic acid(in the form of vinegar) is used for maing
picles and tamato etchup,cabonic acid is used in *zzy soft
drin.
#"+#OO", "%#O+
Weak acid

A concentrated acid is one which contains

the minimum possible amount of water in
it.The concentrated of an acid is
decreased by adding more water to
it.,hen water is added to a concentrated
acid,then a dilute acid is formed.Thus, a
dilute acid is one which contains much
more of water in it.
Concentrated and Dilute
Acids
-. Acids are sour in Taste.
%. Acids react with metals to produce
hydrogen gas
%"#l . %/a %/a#l . "
%
+. Acids #onduct electricity.
&. Acid turns blue timus to red.
Properties of Acids
0. Acid react with metal carbonate(and metal hydrogen
carbonates) to form carbon dioxide gas
Ex- /A%#O+ . %"#$ %/a#$ . #O% . "%O
1. Acids react with bases to form salt and water.
Ex- /aO" . "#$ /a#$ . "%2
3. Acids react with metal oxide to form salt and water.
Ex-#uO . %"#$ #u#$% . "%O
4. Acids have corrosive nature.

Properties of Acids
Bases
5ases are those chemical substance which have
a bitter taste.

5ases are chemical opposite of acids.

A base is a chemical substance which can

neutralize an acid.
All the metal oxide and metal hydroxide are
bases.
Ex- #a(O")%,/"&O",/a%#O+, #a#O+

A base which completely ionizes in

water and thus produces a large
amount of hydroxide ions is called a
strong base.
Strong Bases
Weak Bases

A base which completely ionised in

water and thus produces a small
amount of hydroxide ions is called a
wea base.
-. 5ases have bitter taste.
%. 5ases feel soapy to touch.
+. 5ases turn red litmus to blue.
&. 5ases conduct electricity in solution(They are
electrolytes).
0. 5ases react with non-metal oxides to form salt
and water.
Properties of Bases
1. 5ases conduct electricity in solutions(They are electrolytes)
Ex-%/aO" (a') . 6n (s) "eat /a%6nO% . "% (g)
3. 5ases react with acids to form salt and water.
ex- %/AO" (a') . "%!O& (a') /a%!O& (a') . %"%O (7)
!odium hydroxide sulphuric acid sodium sulphate water
(base) (acid) (salt)
Properties of Bases
-. !odium hydroxide uses in the manufacture of
soap, paper and a synthetic *ber called 8rayon9.
%. !odium carbonate is used as washing soda and
for
softening hard water.
+.!odium hydroxide is used as baing soda in
cooing food, for maing baing soda.
Uses of Bases
The strength of an acid or base is measured on a
scale of number called p" scale.
The p" scale has value from 2 to -&.p" is a pure
number, it has no unit. According to the rule of
p" scale.
/eural substance have a p" of exactly 3.
Acids(or acidic solution) have a p" of less than 3.
5ases(or basic solution) have p" of more than 3.
Strength of acid and base
solution:pH scale
The common indicator(lie litmus) can tell us whether the
given substance is an acid or a base .They cannot tell us
whether the given substance is a strong acid, a wea
acid, strong base or a wea base. 7n other words, the
common indicator cannot tell us the relative strength of
acids or bases.
To obtain an idea of how acidic or basic a substance is,
universal indicator is used.
:niversal indicator is mixture of many di;erent
indicator(or dyes) which gives di;erent colours at
di;erent p" value of the entire p" scale.
Universal Indicator
A salt is a compound formed from an acid by the
replacement of the hydrogen in the acid by a
metal.

!alt is a general name and it does not refer only

to sodium chloride.
!alt are formed when acid react with bases.
Ex- /a#$, 6n#$%, %so&, #a!O&.
Salt
-. They form crystals when in solid form .
%. They usually have a higher hardness
because of their ionic bonding.
+. An acid plus a base yields a salt and water.
"#l . /aO" /a#l . "O"
or
"#l . /aO" /a#l . "
%
O
Properties of Salts
-. A reaction between an acid and base.
%. The products of a neutralization reaction are a
salt and water.
eutrali!ation
pH Scale
-. -.The p" scale gives a measure of the
concentration of positive hydrogen ions in a
solution.
%. A way of describing the acidic or basic
strength of a solution.
+. The acidity of a solution can be
expressed by using the p" scale.
"he pH Scale
&.The scale ranges from 2 to -&.
0.Acids range from 2 to 3, with 2 being the
strongest acid.
1.5ases range from 3 to -&, with -& being the
strongest base.
3.<ure water, which is neither acid nor base, has
a p" level of 3 or is neutral.
"he pH Scale
Than =ou
>ade 5y
?evanshu !harma
-2
th
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