Frequency Planning - Wright

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Frequency Planning
&
Neighbor Cell Planning
ISSUE1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Page 2
Chapter 1 Basic knowledge
Chapter 2 Frequency planning
Chapter 3 Frequency hopping
Chapter 4 Neighbor Cell Planning
Page 3
Content of Basic knowledge
Frequency resource of GSM system
Requirement for carrier-to-interference ratio
Signal quality grade coding

Page 4
Channel Interval 200kHz
1710
1785 1805 1880
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
890 915 935 960
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
GSM 900 :
GSM 1800 :
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Page 5
Frequency Band Configuration
GSM900
BTS receiver (uplink ): f1n890n0.2 MHz
BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2nf1n45 MHz
GSM1800
BTS receiver (uplink ): f1n1710n5110.2 MHz
BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2nf1n95 MHz
Page 6
Requirement for Carrier-To-Interference Ratio
All useful signals carrier
All useless signals interference
=
GSM standard: co-channel C / I >= 9 dB
In practical projects: C / I >= 12dB

Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
C/I =
Page 7
RXQUAL Mean BER BER range
class (%) from... to
0 0.14 < 0.2%
1 0.28 0.2 ... 0.4 %
2 0.57 0.4 ... 0.8 %
3 1.13 0.8 ... 1.6 %
4 2.26 1.6 ... 3.2 %
5 4.53 3.2 ... 6.4 %
6 9.05 6.4 ... 12.8 %
7 18.1 > 12.8 %
Fairly good
Intolerable
Good
Acceptable
Signal Quality
Receiving quality (RXQUAL parameter)
Level of receiving quality (0 ... 7)
Bit error rate before decoding and error correction
Page 8
Question1
If ARFCN is 96,
what is the corresponding frequency value?
If the frequency value is 909.8M in uplink,
what is the corresponding channel number?
If ARFCN is 128
which band does it belong to, GSM900 or 1800 or neither?
If the frequency resource is 6M,
how many channels are there?
if no frequency reuse, how many subscribers can access
network at the same time?
Page 9
Chapter 4 Neighbor Cell Planning
Page 10
2.1 Concept of frequency reuse
2.2 Normal frequency reuse
2.3 Tight frequency reuse
Page 11
Concept of Frequency Reuse
{fi,fj..fk}
Macro-cell system
Micro-cell system
d
reuse
{fi,fj..fk}
{fi,fj..fk}
{fi,fj..fk}
.. ..
reuse
Page 12
The Reason of Frequency Reuse
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency resource,
Case 1:No frequency reuse
8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320
==> max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.

Case 2:Frequency reuse
If each frequency carrier is reused for n times, then 320*n users can
communicate at the same time. (The actual relation is more than n
times.)

Page 13
Frequency Reuse induce Co-channel interference
Problem of Frequency Reuse
1/2
q = D/R = ( 3 k )
6
q
I
C
fn
fn
fn
fn
fn
fn
fn
R
D
Interference coming from 6 co-channel cells
At the cell boundary, the interference is
severe
6
) 1 (

q
I
C
Page 14
Looser reuse
Higher frequency reuse
efficiency, but interference
is serious. More technique
Is needed.
Tighter reuse
0 10 20
Little interference, but frequency
reuse efficiency is low.
Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse
cluster.
4*312
n*mn*m
n: BTS number in a basic reuse cluster
m: Frequency group number in a BTS
12
Page 15
Capability
Quality
Interference Bit error
Limited by
Balance
Frequency resource Frequency reuse
Page 16
Page 17
4*3 Frequency Reuse
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
4 BTS
3 cells/BTS
12 cells construct
a cluster
Page 18
Illustration of Frequency Allocation of 4*3
Frequency Reuse
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Page 19
4*3 frequency use
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
40
42
41
43
44
36
45
37
34
38
35
39
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
D3
52
54
53
55
56
48
57
49
46
50
47
51
4*3 is normal frequency use
BCCH planning must use 4*3
Page 20
Page 21
Tight Frequency Reuse Technology
1 Multi-layer reuse pattern (MRP)
21*3
31*1
4Underlaid and overlaid cell
Page 22
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
Page 23
BCCH: n1
TCH1: n2
TCH2: n3

TCHm-1: n
m

n1 n2n3 n4 ...... n
m

And n1+n2+...+n
m
=n
Page 24
Consecutive Frequency Allocation
Suppose that the available frequency carrier is 10MHZ,
channel number is 4677, the Multi-layer reuse pattern
should be:
RC type
Allocated
frequencies
Number of
available
frequencies
BCCH 46~57 12
TCH1 58~66 9
TCH2 67~72 6
TCH3 73~77 5

Page 25
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4 4
2
2
2
Layout
Page 26
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4 4
2
2
2
BCCH
Page 27
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4 4
2
2
2
TCH Layer 1
Page 28
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4 4
2
2
2
TCH Layer 2
Page 29
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4 4
2
2
2
TCH Layer 3
Page 30
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern -
Interval Frequency Allocation
BCCH TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4
{f1,f3,f5...f23}
{f1,f2,f3,f4,f5...f40}
{f2,f4..f22,f24...f40}
Page 31
cap N
BW
re use
i
i
.
Advantages of Multi-layer Reuse Pattern

Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells
Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4*3 reuse: reuse density=12
network capacity = 40/12 * 300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: re-use =14, (14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)* 300 = 1200 TRX

Page 32
1*3 frequency reuse
Cell configuration is advanced with the same
frequency resource
Cell Radius is the sameReuse distance is
decreased, Interference is enhanced.
We need use extra technology to resist
interference while using 1*3 frequency reuse
1*3
D
R
4*3
D
R
Compare 1*3 frequency reuse with 4*3 reuse
Page 33
General Underlay Overlay
The inner circle covers a smaller area, and the
frequency can be reused more tightly.
Overlay-cell
Underlay-cell
Overlay-cell
Underlay-cell
D
r R
Page 34
BCCH 15f Regular 24f Super 12f
BCCH Reuse density: 15
R TCH TRX reuse density: 12
S TCH TRX reuse density: 6
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Super fn
Regular fm
Regular fm
Super fn
Super fn
Page 35
Chapter 4 Neighbor cell planning
Page 36
3.1 Advantage and class of hopping
3.2 Hopping parameter
3.3 Hopping application
Page 37
Frequency hopping refers to the regular hopping of
carrier frequency within certain range
Concept of Frequency Hopping

Bn || fn
Bn-1 || fn-1
B1 || f1
BURST
Page 38
Advantages of Hopping
B4 B3 B2 B1
f4 f3 f2 f1
f4
f3
f2
f1
Hopping is a special frequency diversity
Get an agreeable radio
environment.
Provide a similar
communication quality for
every user .
Tighter reuse patterns
are possible to be used
for larger capacity
f1
f1
Page 39
Class of Hopping
Class according to the way of implementation
Base-band hopping
RF hopping

Class according to the min hopping time unit
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot.
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame.

Page 40
Base Band Hopping Principle
Page 41
RF Hopping Principle
Page 42
Page 43
Hopping Parameters
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system, including three options: not
hopping, base band hopping and RF hopping.
MA (Mobile Allocation Set): the set of available frequency when hopping,
containing at most 64 frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those
of the available frequency
HSNhopping sequence number063. HSN=0cycle hopping,HSN0
random hopping. Every sequence number corresponds a pseudo random
sequence.
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset): used to define the initial frequency of the
hopping.
TSC: should be set consistent with BCC

What ?
Page 44
Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping are configured
in cell/configure Hopping data

Where ?
Page 45
Page 46
Example of 1*3 Frequency Reuse
Suppose 900 band: 96124
BTS configuration S3/3/3
BCCH layer 96109 reuse pattern 4*3
TCH layer 110124 reuse pattern 1*3
Page 47
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
MAIO
MA1 110 111 112 113 114 0,2
MA2 115 116 117 118 119 0,2
MA3 120 121 122 123 124 0,2
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
Page 48
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
MAIO
MA1 110 113 116 119 122 0,2,4
MA2 111 114 117 120 123 1,3
MA3 112 115 118 121 124 0,2
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
MA1
MA2
MA3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
Page 49
Compare two Allocation Scheme
Different MA value
Different MAIO value
Under 6MHz band Consecutive Allocation support
max site type S3/3/3theoreticallywhile Interval
Allocation support max type S4/3/3
Consecutive Allocation is usually used in urban area,
While Interval allocation is usually used in town and
country.
In order to decrease the inference between different
BTS, It is better to keep the cell azimuth consistent
Page 50
Comparison Between Multi-layer reuse and 1*3
For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping
can be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy to plan
the frequency for new added BTS.
1x3 mode requires a rather regular BTS location distribution.
For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy, the 1x3
provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer reuse pattern.
TRX can be easily added to the 1x3 network, but TRX number of hopping
should not exceed the product of the allocated hopping frequency
number and the max RF load ratio.
BCCH of Multi-layer reuse pattern can take part in the frequency hopping,
while BCCH in 1x3 mode can not.
Page 51
Frequency Planning Principle
There should be no co-channel frequency carriers in one BTS.
The frequency separation between BCCH and TCH in the same cell should
be not less than 400K.
When frequency hopping is not used, the separation of TCH in the same
cell should be not less than 400K.
In non-1*3 reuse mode, co-channel should be avoided between the
immediately neighbor BTS.
Neighbor BTS should not have co-channels facing each other directly.
Normally, with 1*3 reuse, the number of the hopping frequencies should be
not less than twice of the number of frequency hopping TRX in the same
cell.
Pay close attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that the
same BCCH has the same BSIC in adjacent area.
Page 52
.
Example of Frequency Planning
An example network in a specific place, BTS are densely located. The
topography is plain. The maximum BTS configuration is S3/3/2
Initial planning:
Page 53
Example of Frequency Planning
Final frequency planning:

Page 54
Chapter 4 Neighbor cell planning
Page 55
Why
Handover is based on the neighbor relationship.
Existing problem of neighbor planning
No neighbor relationship, no handover
Co-BCCH and co-basic between adjacent cells lead to handover
failure.
redundant neighbors
missing neighbor
Page 56
Neighbor Cell Description
There are table BA1 and table BA2.
Table BA1 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to
be measured when the MS is in idle mode.
Table BA2 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to
be measured when the MS is in dedicated mode.
There are two kinds of neighbors
bidirectional neighbors
unidirectional neighbors
Bidirectional neighbors are common, and unidirectional
neighbors are used in special condition, such as overshooting

Page 57
B
C
A
A
The signals of cell A covers some areas far away from this
cell. It is overshooting.
When MS moves from this area towards B and C
in dedicated mode, the signal is worse and worse.
since cell B and C is not the cell As neighbor,
call drop will occur finally.
There are three solution:
Adjust the downtilt of the antenna
Adjust the transmitting power of the BTS
Add B and C as the neighbor of cell A, no need to add
A to B and C, that is unidirectional neighbor.
(make sure that there are no co-BCCH and co-BSIC in neighbor list)
Overshooting and Unidirectional Neighbor
Page 58
The cells of co-site must be set as neighbor cells
The cells confronting directly must be added to neighbor list
The cells facing toward the same direction should be neighbors
The cells shooting by the original cell
The cells shooting at the original cell
The cells, one site apart, face to face should be neighbor cells.
Neighbor Planning Principle
Page 59
Demonstration (ideally)
co-site cell
Confronting cell
same directional cell
one site apart
face to face cell
Original cell
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Frequency Planning - Wright

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Advantages of Multi-layer Reuse Pattern

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