CHEMISTRY PROJECT

PRESENTED BY : RAJAN

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 1

WHAT IS HYDROGEN?
 Hydrogen is the simplest element known to
man. Each atom of hydrogen has only one
proton. It is also the most plentiful gas in the
universe. Stars are made primarily of hydrogen.
 Hydrogen fuel cells (batteries) make electricity.
They are very efficient, but expensive to build.
Small fuel cells can power electric cars. Large
fuel cells can provide electricity in out of the
way places with no power lines.
12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 2
 History
 (Gr. hydro: water, and genes: forming)
Hydrogen was prepared many years
before it was recognized as a distinct
substance by Cavendish in 1776.
Atomic Number:1 Atomic Weight:1.0079
Atomic Radius:78pm Boiling Point: -252.87 C
Atomic Symbol: H Electron Configuration: 1s1
Melting Point:- 259.34 C  Oxidation States:1, -1
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Sources
 Hydrogen is estimated to make up more than 90% of all the atoms -- three
quarters of the mass of the universe! This element is found in the stars, and
plays an important part in powering the universe through both the proton-
proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Stellar hydrogen fusion
processes release massive amounts of energy by combining hydrogens to
form Helium.

 Steam on heated carbon,

 Decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat,
 Reaction of sodium or potassium hydroxide on
aluminum
 Electrolysis of water,
or
 Displacement from acids by certain metals.

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 4

PICTURES
Hydrogen Uses
 Great quantities of hydrogen are required commercially for nitrogen
fixation using the Haber ammonia process, and for the hydrogenation
of fats and oils. It is also used in large quantities in methanol
production, in hydrodealkylation, hydrocracking, and
hydrodesulfurization. Other uses include rocket fuel, welding,
producing hydrochloric acid, reducing metallic ores, and filling
balloons.

 The Hydrogen Fuel cell is a developing technology that will allow

great amounts of electrical power to be obtained using a source of
hydrogen gas.

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 6

HYDROGEN USE IN VEHICLES
 Today, there are an estimated 400 to 500 hydrogen-fueled
vehicles in the U.S., mostly in California. Most of these
vehicles are buses and automobiles powered by electric
motors. They store hydrogen gas or liquid on board and
convert the hydrogen into electricity for the motor using a fuel
cell. Only a few of these vehicles burn the hydrogen directly
(producing almost no pollution). The present cost of fuel cell
vehicles greatly exceeds that of conventional vehicles in large
part due to the expense of producing fuel cells.

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 7

THE FUTURE OF HYDROGEN
 Hydrogen has great potential as an environmentally
clean energy fuel and as a way to reduce reliance on
imported energy sources. Before hydrogen can play
a bigger energy role and become a widely used
alternative to gasoline, many new facilities and
systems must be built. We will need facilities to
make hydrogen, store it, and move it. We will need
economical fuel cells. And consumers will need the
technology and the education to safely use it.

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 8

Advantages
 Eco-Friendly
 EnergyEfficient
 Conventional resource

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 9

Disadvantages
 Expensive
 HighlyExplosive
 Not Easy To Use

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 10

CONCLUSION
 Hydrogen fuel cells (batteries) make electricity. They
are very efficient, but expensive to build. Small fuel
cells can power electric cars. Large fuel cells can
provide electricity in out of the way places with no
power lines.
 Because of the high cost to build fuel cells, large
hydrogen power plants won't be built for a while.
However, fuel cells are being used in some places as
a source of emergency power to hospitals and to
wilderness locations. Portable fuel cells are being
sold to provide longer power for laptop computers,
cell phones, and military applications.
12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 WWW.HYDROGENFUEL.ORG
 WWW.FUELINFO.COM
 WWW.ENERGYEDUCATION.COM

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 12

 THE END
THANKYOU FOR WATCHING
HOPE YOU ALL ENJOYED IT

12/23/09 Presented By : Rajan 13