CRITICAL THINKING

THERESIA L. TORUAN

2007
Block 1
Competence Based Curricullum
Medical Faculty, Sriwijaya University
Background
SINCE 1980:

CRITICAL THINKING (CT)
CONTRIBUTES TO DEVELOPMENT
OF RATIONAL DELIBERATION
RELEVANT TO DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
A Changing Paradigm
Paternalistic
Reductionist
Holistic and
Collaborative
Approach
Communication
skills of the
physician are
critical
Definition

Consist of mental process of analyzing or
evaluating information, particularly statements or
propositions that people have offered true.

Such information:

Observation
Experience
Reasoning
Communication
Mental process include:

clarity
accuracy
precision
evidence
thoroughness
fairness

Definition
CT is
the process of purposeful,
self regulatory judgement.

This process reasoned consideration to
evidence,
context,
conceptualizations,
methods, and
criteria.
(Eric, 1990)
Describe as

.the careful and deliberate
determine whether to accept, reject, or
suspend judgment about a
claim.
..the evaluating what other people
say or write to determine whether to
believe to statement..
Definition
Reasonable reflective thinking that is focused
on deciding what to believe or to do
(Ennis,1991)

Formulating hypotheses
Alternative ways of viewing a problem,
question, posibble solutions
Plans for investigating something
The goal (1)

to develop individual who value
knowledge, learning and creative
process,

recognize the limits of individual
reflection,

know how and when to question.
The goal (2)

recognize when more information is
required
know how to find and organize
information
can generate and evaluate a number
of alternatives to human problem
Critical thinking

Involving two aspect:
A set of cognitive skills (Blooms)

The ability and intellectual
commitment to use those skills
to guide behaviour
Critical thinking skill

distinguishing :
fact >< opinion
bias >< objectivity
primary sources >< secondary sources
evaluating information sources
recognizing deceptive arguments
Critical thinking

.does not assure that one will reach either
truth or correct conclusions.

one may not have all the relevant information
important information may remain undiscovered
information may not even be knowable
ones bias(es) may prevent effective gathering
and evaluation of the available information