SULFURIC ACID

GROUP MEMBERS

SALMAN SHEIKH (2012-CH-
100)
UMER ALI (2012-CH-
76)
UMER TAHIR (2012-CH-
72)
EMAD ALI (2012-CH-
110)
INTRODUCTION
King of chemicals
Oil of vitriol
Highly corrosive
Colorless
Oily liquid
Viscous liquid
Dibasic

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Molecular Formula

H
2
SO
4

Molar mass

98.079 g/mol

Appearance

Clear, colorless, odorless liquid

Density

1.84 g/cm
3
, liquid

Melting Point

10 C, 283 K, 50 F

Boiling Point

337 C, 610 K, 639 F (When
sulfuric acid is above 300 C, it will
decompose slowly)

Solubility In water

miscible

Acidity

3, 1.99

Viscosity

26.7 cP (20 C)

GRADES OF SULFURIC ACID
Mass fraction
H
2
SO
4

Density
(kg/L)
Concentration
(mol/L)
Common name
10% 1.07 ~1 dilute sulfuric acid
2932% 1.251.28 4.25
battery acid
(used in lead-acid
batteries)
6270% 1.521.60 9.611.5
chamber acid
fertilizer acid
7880% 1.701.73 13.514
tower acid
Glover acid
98% 1.83 ~18
concentrated
sulfuric acid
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Oxidizing property
Fe (s) + H2SO4 (aq) H2 (g) + FeSO4 (aq)



Reaction with non metal
C(s) + 2 H
2
SO
4(conc)
CO
2(g)
+ 2SO
2(g)
+ 2 H
2
O(l)

Exothermic property
SO3(g) + H2O H2SO4 (aq) H= -88kJ




DEHYDRATION PROPERTY
C
12
H
22
O
11
(white sucrose) + SULFURIC ACID (conc.)
12 C
(black graphitic foam)
+ 11 H
2
O (steam) + Sulfuric acid/water
mixture

ACID BASE PROPERTIES
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

DISPLACE WEAKER ACID
H2SO4(conc.) + CH3COONa (s) NaHSO4(aq) + CH3COOH(l)
USES OF SULFURIC ACID
INDUSTRIAL USAGE
ELECTROLYTE

PETROLEUM REFINING

CATALYST PAINTS
DETERGENTS

EXPLOSIVE

WASTE WATER
TREATMENT

FERTILIZER

DOMESTIC USAGE
ACIDIC DRAIN CLEANER HEALTH
















PROCESS FOR SULPHURIC
ACID PRODUCTION
PROCESS
LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS
CONTACT PROCESS
Single Absorption contact process
Double absorption contact process
Wet contact process

LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS
Glover tower
Concentration of tower acid
Stripping of nitrogen dioxide
Tower/ glover acid
Lead-lined Chambers
Chamber acid or fertilizer acid
62% - 68%H
2
SO
4

Gay-lussac Tower
Wash with cooled concentrated acid
78-80% H
2
SO
4



LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS
CONTACT PROCESS
Catalysis Conversion
Vanadium pentaoxide catalyst over PHILLIPS
Platinum catalyst
Double catalysis process
Double absorption tower used
For further purification
Wet contact process
Moist sulfur dioxide-containing gases
Single Absorption
Contact Process
CONT..
There are five steps in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid by the contact process:
Production of sulphur dioxide
Purification of gases
Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
Absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid
Dilution of oleum

BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM
Reaction Chemistry
Sulphur Burner
S
(aq)
+ O
2(g)
SO
2(g)
H = -298.3 kJ, 25C


4-pass converter
SO
2(g)
+ O
2(g)
SO
3(g)
H = -98.3 kJ, 25C



Oleum Tower
SO
3(g)
+ H
2
SO
4(aq)
H
2
S
2
O
7(aq)
H = -130.4 kJ, 25C



Absorbtion tower
H
2
S
2
O
7(aq)
+ H
2
O
(g)
H
2
SO
4(aq)




PROCESS FLOW
DIAGRAM
Process Flow Diagram
EQUIPMENT'S
Cooler
Centrifugal pump
Blower
Drying tower
Sulfur burner
Waste heat boiler
Electrostatic dust precipitator
Heat exchanger
4-pass converter
Economizer
Absorbing tower
Scrubber

COOLER
An induced draft cooling tower.
Acid cooler over absorbing tower maintain the temperature
of it.
Acid cooler over drying tower to maintain the concentration
of H2SO4 and also used for drying air.


CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
ACID PUMP
TO CIRCULATE THE ACID OVER THE DRYING AND
ABSORPTION TOWER.
SULFUR PUMP
PREVENT THE SULFUR FROM COOLING AND
SOLIDIFICATION.


BLOWER
To propel the air at high pressure.
React with sulfur in a burner.
Major energy consumer.

DRYING TOWER


To remove moisture from air by H2SO4 (93 98%.)

In first tower, air is enter and pure by H2SO4

In second tower, moist air is enter from scrubber.


SULFUR BURNER


The temperature of burner is 1000 - 1200C.

Dry enters in burner.

Dry air react with molten Sulfur to give SO
2
.
WASTE HEAT BOILER

First boiler, maintain the temperature of SO2 and
pass it to precipitator.

second boiler, maintain the temperature of SO3
which come from second round of converter from
( 510 to 450C)and also
produce steam from SO2
and SO3.


ELECTROSTATIC DUST PRECIPITATOR



It separate the unwanted particle by electrostatic
attraction.

Separate the dust and
smoke particles from SO2
and push to scrubber.

HEAT EXCHANGER


First time, when SO3 exchange heat with air(steam)
for sulfur burner.

Second time, exchange the heat of SO3 by air to
maintain the temperature of 4-pass converter from
(600 to 450C).
4-PASS CONVERTER
Basically a reactor that
converts SO
2
into SO
3
in
areversible process

It uses vanadium pentoxide
as catalyst

It operates usually at 450-
500 degree celcius with 1-2
atm pressure.

Give 98-99% conversion into
so
3

ECONOMIZER


The SO3 which is come from 4-pass converter,
temperature is 535C.

To control heat of SO3 and produce steam.

Improves the economy.

ABSORBING TOWER


After economizer, first tower absorb water to convert
oleum.
Second tower, convert it into fuming H2SO4.
leave the stack gases.

SCRUBBER


To remove the dust particle from SO2 gas by
spraying liquid.

It give the moist SO2 and give
it to the drying tower for
maximum drying SO2 .

THE END