DRAWING

1. outline picture: a picture of something made with a pencil, pen, or crayon,

usually consisting of lines, often with shading, but generally without color

2. making pictures: the art, activity, or practice of making pictures using
a pencil, crayon, or pen.
3. Delineation of form upon a surface, usually a plane, by means of
lines, shapes and tints or shading

SKETCHING
1. GRAPHIC ARTS making sketches: the activity or pastime of drawing
sketches

2. picture done quickly and roughly: a drawing or painting that is done
quickly without concern for detail.

1. Basic Tripod Grip


2. Extended Tripod Grip

3. Overhand Grip

4. Underhand Pencil Grip
When you hold a pencil using the tripod grip, you use your fingers and
thumb to control the pencil, and for fine work, the hand can rest on the page.
Use a spare sheet of paper to keep your drawing free from smudges and skin
oils. If more movement is required, the wrist or elbow can be rested against the
edge of the drawing surface, used as a pivot.

Another useful way to hold a pencil is in the extended tripod grip. This
pencil grip uses the same hold as the basic tripod grip, with a triangle formed by
the thumb, forefinger and middle finger, but further up the pencil. Because it is
similar to the basic grip, this is a comfortable way to hold a pencil for drawing,
while allowing more freedom.

When you ask how to hold a pencil, the overhand grip is the one most
often recommended for sketching, as it makes it easy to use the side of the pencil.
To make the overhand grip, the pencil is braced lightly against the fingers with the
flat of the thumb. The actual position will vary according the proportions of your
hand: the main thing is to have a secure but relaxed grip on the pencil.

The underhand pencil grip is a very loose and relaxed way of holding a
pencil. This example is basically a tipped-over tripod grip, but you can also move
the thumb higher or allow the pencil to sit in the 'V' of the thumb and palm, with
the index and middle finger lightly controlling the tip. Holding a pencil with the
underhand grip is useful for casual, broad sketching, such as with charcoal pencil.

1. Basic Skeleton and add detail, visualizing the
basic shapes that under a complex surface, like a
sculptor working in clay and adding pieces on.

2. Imaginary Box, working from the outside in,
imagining basic shapes that the form fits within,
like a sculptor starting with a block of marble and
chipping bits away.
- Begin with the largest section of a complex form.

- Don't worry about mistakes, they are part of
learning.

- Don't use a ruler - train your hand.

- You don't have to 'finish' the sketches.

- Practice!

The "slinky" stroke is a very simple illustration,
showing the fundamental way of rendering in pencil. It is
called "slinky" because it goes back and forth, back and forth,
just like that childhood toy, the Slinky.

Here's an illustration showing the "crosshatching" of a
pencil stroke. It's very simple principleyou just do the
"slinky" thing in several different directions, one over the
other. Each different direction adds more tone to the shading,
and gets it progressively darker, and darker.
Some more examples of pencil strokes. The example
on the left shows how a dark tone looks. One bears down a
little harder with their pencil, and gets the darkest tone they
can while using the "slinky" stroke. They do this going several
different directions. A very dark (even black) tone.

Here are a few more pencil techniques. The illustration on the left shows a
"slinky" stroke that tapers down to a tip. This can be useful in many
shading areas.
The illustration on the right shows a "squiggle" stroke. This is sometimes
good for delicate shading in small areas, or drawing fabric, or a few other
"specialized" textures.
You can see how "slinky" lines,
and various other crosshatch
lines, being used in going in
different directions.
Learning to draw hands is easier than it seems,
as though they are complex forms, they become less
daunting by simplifying the shapes. The formulaic
approach to drawing hands using circles and ovals is
helpful to start with, but the shapes needed will
change according to the position of the hand, so it is
much better to train your eye to see what is required.
It can help to see each part of the finger as a short
cylinder, depicted with an oval overlapping the next
to form the joint, but from there the subtle
variations of shape must be built up.
1. Rough in the overall form.
2. Form the fingers.

STEPS:
3. Refine the drawing.

4. Describe the form with tone.

To construct a well-proportioned head, follow these simple steps.
1. Begin with a ball.
2. Drop a line from mid-forehead to the chin. 'Slice off' a circle at
the side of the head, and from the front of this circle, curve a
line down to the chin. Complete the plane of the face with a line
on the other side. Now add the jaw line.
3. Construct the nose, indicate mouth and chin position and
elongate skull slightly. (The distance from chin to crown is
almost the same as from forehead to the back of the skull).
Sketching animals is easy when you
think in terms of shapes rather than the
animals themselves. By studying shapes, you
can learn to sketch the body using peanut
shapes, ellipses, boxes, cones, circles, squares
and rectangles. Using these shapes, you will
form animals with ease and be able to build
detail onto the foundation shape to draw a
realistic animal.

Everything around us has a shape or
form. Whether it is linear or not, the form
tells our eyes what we are seeing. So if you use
forms to build upon, you can shape the
animals you want to draw For instance, a
goose is comprised of an oval body, a cone-
like cylindrical neck, cone shapes for legs and
a cone for a beak. The tail is an elongated
triangle.

Different types of shapes form most animals
before you begin to add details. Try drawing some
shapes as practice before associating them with any
specific animal. The peanut shape can be used for a
variety of animal heads. Moose, giraffes, hippos,
horses and deer heads use a peanut shape. Cows are
shaped with peanut bodies, an oval face and
cylindrical cup nose. The legs are long cylinders with
disc-shaped cups for feet. A lion head starts with a
circle and a short cylinder for the nose, and rounded
domes for ears.

The benefit of using shapes to draw with
is the ease in which you will be able to
complete the rendering. Once the shapes are
in place, it is easy to change and add to or
delete from the original form. It also makes
quick sketching easier. Shapes will also give
you a sense of motion that is part of the
perspective process.

Bill Tilton is a former Disney Studio
artist and author who uses shapes to form the
animals he sketches. His techniques are
fascinating, and you can learn much by using
the techniques mentioned earlier that I have
learned from Bill.

By adding shading and leaving the white of
the paper as a highlight, the animal takes on a
complete identification. Use markers or
charcoal pencil to place color around the
outside of the animal, which will then bring it
forward. Rub your fingertips across the
charcoal and push it away from the animal
until it fades. This creates a nice shadow
effect.




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