Writing And

Presenting
Proposals
What Is A Research
Proposal
the problem you propose to
investigate is important and
investigation into the matter need to
be carried out
1
Cover with title, writers name,
institution and degree
2
Description of general idea of
research proposal
3
Limitations of proposal (areas and
methods used)
4
Limitations of proposal (areas and
methods used)
5
Bibliography of other authors work
on proposed title
6
Detailed plan of research and
methods concerned
7
Timetable for the conduct of
proposal
8
Statement of resources availability
necessary for the proposal
Content of research
proposal
A cover page, with the subject heading, your
name as the writer, the degree you are working
for, and the name of the institution conferring it.
A problem statement, i.e. the idea or research
area that you propose to investigate.
Limitations of study. You need to define the
limits of your research project in terms of scope,
sampling, questions asked and methods
employed.
A literature review of important works already
carried out in the field so as to give your readers
state-of-the-art perspective.
A detailed research plan, with an outline of
appropriate research methods.
A time line for the various stages of the research.
A statement on the type and availability of
resources you intend to use for your research.
Writing A Research
Proposal
Stakeholders and their Concerns
(your tutor or supervisor), the people
in the institution you are working for,
and the people in the organisation)
Critical Factors in
Proposal Evaluation
Evaluation serves a number of useful purposes:
It clarifies the objectives of the research project;
It enhances understanding of the steps and
processes required by the project;
It provides people with information that will help
them make decisions about the project; and
It helps to measure if, and how, goals and
objectives can be met.
Putting a Proposal
Together
Title must be concise and precise

Examples of titles:
A Study Of The Effects Of Rhetorical Text
Structure And English Reading Proficiency
On The Metacognitive Strategies Used By
EFL Taiwanese College Freshman
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Bagi
Mata Pelajaran Elektronik: Satu Kajian
Tindakan Di Sekolah Menengah Teknik
Meningkatkan Penggunaan ICT Di Kalangan
Guru Pemulihan Khas Di 10 Buah Sekolah Di
Daerah Pontian.
Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Penglibatan
Pelajar Di Dalam Kelas Tusyen Matematik
Tambahan Dengan Pendekatan Teori
Kecerdasan Pelbagai

Refining research
proposal:
Keep redefining your title and content
Talk about your ideas to your friends or
supervisor.
Write brief notes about your idea in one or
two pages, especially on your area of
interest.
Read through your proposal from time to
time
Keep reading and looking for materials.
Take notes (remember to reference the
texts).
Go through the write-up in case you need
to change
Sort out the various sub-topics so that they
are in order.
Carry out referencing to acknowledge
other peoples work.
OTHER TYPES OF
PROPOSALS
Formal
is written in a business-like manner.
It is straightforward, direct and precise.
It informs readers about the purpose, aims and
benefits accruing from the study
Informal Proposals
on a smaller scale and normally carries less
weight than a formal proposal

1. Business Proposals
is a long process and costs time and money.
a. Writing a proposal that make you stands out
from others
b. Writing a proposal to ask for fundings or
allocations

2. Proposals for Feasibility Study
Give an overview of primary issues related to
business idea
make or break issues
a brief, formal analysis of a prospective
business idea.
gives the entrepreneur a clear evaluation of the
potential for sales and profit from a particular
idea (market issues, organisational/technical
issues, financial issues)
clarity
Communicate
Error free
Print and bind
Layout
Title page
Visual elements
Politically
correct
Jargon free
Explain
technology role
Guidelines
For
Good
Business
proposal
Map out a
projects
strengths
and
potential
Analyse
and
predict
the
impact of
expansion
Highlight
the pros
and cons
of your
ideas
Project
profits
and
growth