Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

TWI
CSWIP 3.1
WIS 5
WELDING INSPECTION

HEAT TREATMENT
SECTION 18.
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
Many metals must be given heat treatment before and
after welding.
The inspectors function is to ensure that the treatment is
given correctly in accordance with the specification or as
per the details supplied.

Below are the types of heat treatment available.

Annealing
Normalising
Quench Hardening
Temper
Stress Relief


Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
TEMP C
TIME (Hours & Minutes)
HEATING RATE
SOAK TIME (Time at attained temp)
COOLING RATE
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT

(A) Normalised
(B) Fully Annealed
(C) Water-quenched
(D) Water-quenched & tempered
A B
C D
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The inspector, in general, should ensure that:

Equipment is as specified
Temperature control equipment is in good
condition
Procedures as specified, is being used e.g.
Method of application
Rate of heating and rate of cooling
Maximum temperature attained
Soak time
Temperature measurement (and calibration)
Documentation and records

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process: Normalising
Temp: 920
0
C
Cooling: Hold, air cool
Result: Relieves internal stress,
improves mechanical properties,
Increases toughness


Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process: Stress relief
Temp: 550-700
0
C
Cooling: Hold, furnace or controlled
cooling
Result: Relieves residual stresses,
improves stability during machining,
reduces hydrogen levels, prevents stress
corrosion cracking
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT .

QUESTIONS ?
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
QUESTIONS ?
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process: Quench, Harden
Temp: 920
0
C
Cooling: Hold, quench cool
Result: Hardens carbon steels,
prevents carbide precipitation in
austenitic steels, prevents temper
brittleness when cooling after tempering,

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process: Temper
Temp: 550-700
0
C
Cooling: Hold, air cool
Result: Increases toughness of
quenched steel
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process: Annealing
Temp: 920
0
C
Cooling: Hold, furnace cool
Result: Improves ductility,
Decreases toughness, Makes bending
etc easier, Lowers yield stress
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process Pre-heat for welding
Temp 50-250
0
C. higher by
exception
Cooling Hold during welding.
Result Prevents cracking and hard
zones