NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PILES IN OFFSHORE

REGION

Presented by
ATUL KUMAR SINGH

In Association with
1 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, MIT PUNE
INDEX

1)Finite Element Analysis


2)Fluid Structure Interaction

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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
DEFINITION
FEM is a numerical method for solving a system of governing equations over the domain of a
continuous physical system, which is discretized into simple geometric shapes called finite
element.


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Continuous system
Time-independent PDE
Time-dependent PDE

Discrete system
Linear algebraic eq.
ODE

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In mathematics, the finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. It uses variational methods to
minimize an error function and produce a stable solution.
FEM is best understood from its practical application, known as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA as
applied in engineering is a computational tool for performing engineering analysis. It includes the use of
mesh generation techniques for dividing a complex problem into small elements, as well as the use
of software program coded with FEM algorithm.
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Figure 1:- Example Of 2D Mesh Figure 2 :-Meshing of group of piles
Figure 3 :- Meshing of individual pile
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FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION
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Fluid structure interaction (FSI) is a multi-physics phenomenon which occurs in a system where flow of a
fluid causes a solid structure to deform which, in turn, changes the boundary condition of a fluid system. This
can also happen the other way around where the structure makes the fluid flow properties to change. This
kind of interaction occurs in many natural phenomena and man-made engineering systems.

It becomes a crucial consideration in the design and analysis of various engineering systems. For instance,
FSI simulations are conducted to avoid flutter on aircraft and turbo-machines , to evaluate the environmental
loads and dynamic response of offshore structures and in many bio medical applications.


Offshore platform, also referred as oil platform, is a large structure used for exploration of oil and gas
from beneath the seabed. This kind of structure contains all facilities needed to locate and extract oil and
natural gas below the earth surface.

Most of these platforms are placed in a rough sea environment; these structures are subjected to different
types of environmental loads like waves, winds and ocean currents. So, it is essential for an offshore
engineer to estimate the forces generated by wave loading for the existing and future platforms to ensure
safe and robust design.
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Oil Rig
Jacket
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Figure 6:- Structural member

Length=20m
Diameter=.8m
Figure 7 Computational mesh of the fluid domain
Pile of diameter 0.8m in the fluid domain
PROBLEM STATEMENT
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Figure 8:- Different types of meshing done in the ANSYS software
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BOUNDARY CONDITION AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS
1) Oscillatory type of flow

=

2
cos +

2


where is the angular frequency of the oscillation (related to the period T by =2/T), k is the
wave number (related to the wavelength L by k =2/L), is the kinematic viscosity /, and z is
measured upward from the bottom.

2) Navier- Stokes Equation

These differential equations, are usually based on Darcys Law as the linear macroscopic uid
momentum balance equation, considering the drag terms of the Navier Stokes equation as
dominant, and on the principle of the uid mass conservation.


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( ) = ( ) +

Where, denotes porosity, uid density, v the three-dimensional vector of Darcy velocity that is specic
discharge, and represents mass sources or sinks of whatever type. This Equation is known as mass balance
equation.

Generalised form of Navier- Stokes Equation
is the flow velocity,
is the fluid density,
is the pressure,
is the (deviatoric) component of the total stress tensor, which has order two,
represents body forces (per unit volume) acting on the fluid,
is the del operator

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EulerBernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam
theory) is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating
the beam
that is subjected to lateral loads only.

The EulerBernoulli equation describes the relationship between the beam's deflections and
the applied load:





3) EulerBernoulli beam theory
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Free surface flow around cylinder at t=19.5 Free surface flow around cylinder at t=21.5 Free surface flow around cylinder
at t=20.0
Free surface flow around cylinder at t=22.0 Free surface flow around cylinder at t=20.5 Free surface flow around cylinder at
t=22.5
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1 2 3
4 5 6
Natural Frequency= 2.77
Natural Frequency= 7.43
Natural Frequency= 13.87
Natural Frequency= 7.43
Natural Frequency= 13.87
Natural Frequency= 2.77
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Graph shows the time history of CFD horizontal force (wave loads) and the reaction force (dynamic
response) of the structural member for the one-way coupling simulation of case1. At the time of 0.112s
approximately, free surface of the water touches the bottom side of the cylinder which gradually
tends the CFD force to increase. The maximum horizontal force is attained by the time of around 0.330s.
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The peak vertical force (slamming force) is attained at the time of around 0.115s with the
magnitude of 480kN approximately. The magnitude of the CFD force starts to decline in a
steady way after it achieves the peak value.
Vertical (CFD & Reaction) forces
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Horizontal and vertical deformations of the structural member
Graph shows the horizontal and vertical deformation of the structural member. This is taken
with respect to a single point located at the center of the structure using CFD Post.
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REFRENCES
1. B.Iwanowski, R.Gladso, M.Lefranc, Wave-in-deck load on a jacket the platform, CFD
derived pressures and non- linear structural response 28 OMAE International conference, Hawaii,
USA. May 31- June 5, 2009.
2. A.K.Pozarlik, J.B.W.Kok, Numerical investigation of one-way and two-way fluid structure
interaction in combustion systems International conference on computational methods for coupled
problems in Science and Engineering, Barcelona.2007.
3. ANSA 13.2.1 BETA CAE Systems S.A. P.O. Box 18623, GR-54005 Thessaloniki, Greece
4. Fluent 14.0. ANSYS, Inc., Southpointe, 275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA15317, USA.
5. Z.Yun, Y.Hui, Coupled fluid structure flutter analysis of a transonic fan Chinese Journal of
Aeronautics, vol.24, 2011, 258-264.
6. S.A.Anagnostopoulos, Dynamic response of offshore platforms to extreme waves including fluid
structure interaction Eng.Struct.,vol. 4, July, 1982.
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THANK YOU
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