20/5/2013

DAC 10402
1
GROUPS PRESENTATION
FINAL PROJECT
Problem Faced
The Alternative Material
Concept of Sustainability
Definition of Bitumen and Recycled
Pavement
The Introduction of RECYCLED PAVEMENT
Properties of RECYCLED PAVEMENT
The Process Involved
The Advantages and Disadvantages of
RP


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Bitumen manufacture causes environmental impacts at
all stages of the process.
Bitumen manufacturing releases Carbon dioxide, water
and smaller amount of Carbon Monoxide in the
atmosphere.
All hydrocarbons give off fumes when they are heated
and all hydrocarbon fumes are potentially damaging to
the environment.
It will burn fiercely if its temperature raised sufficiently.
Odour from fumes is probably the major problem
associated with bitumen use which the residents living
near the boundary of plant and factory can smell the
fumes.

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The alternative materials that have potential
to replace the bitumen is Recycled
Pavement/Recycled Asphalt Pavement
(RAP)

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BITUMEN
RECYCLED
PAVEMENT
ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL
The concept of sustainability is a wide approach in a
period when environmental problems caused by
various human activities are requiring serious
solutions.
In this context, Sustainable roadway construction can
be defined as the optimal use of natural and man-
made resources during the roadway lifecycle
causing negligible damage to the environment.
Two means of improving the sustainability of
roadways are to minimize the amount of energy
consumed for their construction and to efficiently use
roadway materials to reduce waste.

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Sustainable construction aims at
reducing the environmental impact of a
building over its entire lifetime,while
optimizing its economic viability and the
comfort and safety of its occupants.

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Recycled pavement inherently contributes to
sustainability in many respects, and in others these
tools are helping the industry set goals to foster
improvements towards a sustainable society.
To date most sustainability or green voluntary
certification programs attempting to quality
sustainable materials have focused primarily on
i)energy
ii)material and
iii)water conservation
iv)indoor environmental quality
v)and site selection and development.
Each of these is an important aspect of sustainable
building design and road construction.

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Bitumen is a naturally occurring mixture of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
The mixture takes the form of a viscous, black, sticky tar-
like substance.
It can be refined from crude oil by fractional distillation.


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o The primary use of asphalt/bitumen is
in road construction, where it is with
aggregate. The other main uses for
sealing flat roofs.

o Also called Asphalt
Reprocessed pavement materials containing
asphalt and aggregates.

These materials are generated when asphalt
pavements are removed for :
-Reconstruction
-Resurfacing
-To obtain access to buried utilities.

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The same material can be recycled again and
again, it never loses its value.
While reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is the
material most often used in asphalt recycling,
materials from other industries are routinely
recycled into asphalt pavements instead of
going into landfills.
Asphalt plants also recycle the fine mineral
particles that are generated in the process of
producing asphalt pavement material.
This routine recycling of co-generated material
helps to conserve natural resources.


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Why Need To
Replace Existing
Material?
Help in
conservation
of natural
resources
Maintain
pavement
geometrics as
well as pavement
thickness
Reduces
pollution
Substantial
savings over
the use of new
materials
Recycling or reuse of pavement material is a very simple but powerful concept.
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In some cases, traffic disruption is less than that for other rehabilitation
techniques
It also helps to solve disposal problems because of the reuse of existing
material, pavement geometrics and thickness can also be maintained during
construction.
Recycling of existing pavement to produce new pavement materials is
considerable savings of material, money, and energy.
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Chemical Properties
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Type of Property RAP Property Typical Range of Values
Physical Properties Unit Weight
1940 - 2300 kg/m 3 (120-140 lb/ft
3)
Moisture Content Normal : up to 5%Maximum: 7-8%
Asphalt Content Normal : 4.5-6% Maximum Range: 3-7%
Asphalt Penetration Normal : 10-80 at 25C (77F)
Absolute Viscosity or
Recovered Asphalt
Cement
Normal : 4,000 - 25,000 poises at 60C
(140F)
Mechanical Properties Compacted Unit Weight
1600 - 2000 kg/m 3 (100-125 lb/ft
3 )
California Bearing
Ratio (CBR)
100% RAP: 20-25% 40% RAP and 60%
Natural Aggregate: 150% or higher

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Table 1:Physical and mechanical properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

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Mineral aggregates constitute the overwhelming majority (93 to 97
percent by weight) of RAP.
Asphalt cement is made up of mainly high molecular weight aliphatic
hydrocarbon compounds, but also small concentrations of other
materials such as sulphur,nitrogen and polycyclic
hydrocarbons(aromatic/naphthenic)

It is a combination of asphaltenes and maltenes (resins and oils).
Asphaltenes are more viscous than either resins or oils and play a major
role in determining asphalt viscosity.
Oxidation of aged asphalt causes the oils to convert to resins and the
resins to convert to asphaltenes, resulting in age hardening and a higher
viscosity binder.

The following methods of roadway rehabilitation recycle
old pavement into new 2 type of recyled:

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1.The pavement is removed by cold planing to a depth of 3 to 4 inches.
COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLED
6.Caltrans has used cold in-place recycling in over 25 projects in California.
5. A 3-piece "train" may be used, consisting of a cold planing machine, a
screening,crushing,mixing unit, and conventional laydown and rolling equipment.
4. An asphalt emulsion or a recycling agent is added, then the material is
placed and compacted.
3.Aggregate may be added to modify RAP characteristics.
2.The material is pulverized, sized, and mixed with an additive.
1
Another process involved :
-Hot Mix--Remixing.
-Hot Mix--Repave. Hot Mix--Heater Scarification
-Full-Depth Reclamation.

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Hot, In-Place Recycling:
1.The pavement is softened by heating and is scarified or hot
milled to a depth of 3/4 to 1-1/2 inches and mixed.
2.New hot mix material and/or a recycling agent is
added in a single pass of the machine.
3.A new wearing course may also be added with an
additional pass after compaction.
2
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ENVIRONMENTAL
BENEFIT

ENGINEERING BENEFITS

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Environmental Benefits:
Air quality problems resulting from dust,
fumes, and smoke are minimized.
Reduces the amount of new oil byproduct
needed
saves on construction material waste, as
the recycled material is not sent to a
landfill.
Lessen the pollution and CO2 produced
at each step of the process


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Economic Benefits
Cost is susceptible to fluctuating prices in
the market.
Contractors save by reducing energy,
materials and waste-hauling costs.
Lower quality asphalt can be used as a
substitute for embankment, fill or road
base material.
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ENGINEERING BENEFITS
Provide engineering benefits for
contractors and government agencies
involved in road maintenance
Save engineers and contractors time,
money and materials
Allowing for more efficient road
maintenance projects.

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Cold Temperature Performance
When in cold climates the use of recycled asphalt may contribute to the cracking
of pavements.
The stiffness properties of the mix increase under these conditions.
Mix Guidelines
The current guidelines suggest a mix of 15 percent recycled asphalt paving.
If higher amounts of mix are used, blending charts provide guidelines on the
amounts of recycled asphalt paving to use, depending on the grade of the
binder.
Variance in Quality
The quality of the paving can vary.
The quality of the recycled paving depends on factors such as the number of
times the source pavement had been resurfaced or had other work done on it.
Sometimes debris and soil can get into the material while it is being stored for
recycling.
Thus, some measure of quality checking is necessary to see if the recycled paving
is suitable for its intended use.




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THANK YOU
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