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The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your cycle. 1 cycle = 28 days to provide a favourable environment for the development of zygote in the uterus. Enables production of the female gamete propagation of species.
The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your cycle. 1 cycle = 28 days to provide a favourable environment for the development of zygote in the uterus. Enables production of the female gamete propagation of species.
The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your cycle. 1 cycle = 28 days to provide a favourable environment for the development of zygote in the uterus. Enables production of the female gamete propagation of species.
To relate menstruation to the menstrual cycle, To state the importance of the menstrual cycle, To state the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle Discharge of unfertilised ovum, uterus lining (endometrium wall) and blood through vagina.
The breakdown of the lining of the uterus wall & its discharge through the vagina with some blood, cells, tissue fluid & glandular secretions.
Girls experience menstruation when reach puberty. After menstruation, the thickening of endometrium begins again Menstrual cycle.
The first day of your menstrual period is considered Day 1 of your cycle.
1 cycle = 28 days To provide a favourable environment for the development of zygote in the uterus.
Enables production of the female gamete propagation of species.
Precisely coordinates & synchronises growth of the endometrium & follicular development ovulation occurs ovum is released.
Reduces the chances of development of a defective zygote. Hormones involved in the menstrual cycle Hormone involved in menstrual cycle Location of secretes Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Hypothalamus Follicle-stimulating Hormone Anterior pituitary lobe Luteinising Hormone (LH) Anterior pituitary lobe Oestrogen Follicle cell Progesterone Corpus luteum HORMONES FUNCTION Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) Stimulates the development of egg follicle in the ovary. Oestrogen Stimulates the repairing & thickening of endometrium Luteinising hormone (LH) Stimulates ovulation & the formation of corpus luteum Progesterone Maintain the thickening of the endometrium. LEARNING OUTCOMES To relate hormonal levels to the development of follicles, the process of ovulation, & the formation of the corpus luteum, To relate hormonal levels to changes in thickness of the endometrium, Explain the role of hormones in regulating the menstrual cycle, MENSTRUAL CYCLE THE TYPICAL MENSTRUATION CYCLE OCCURS REGULARLY OVER 28 DAYS. IT IS CONSIST OF 4 STAGES
1-5 (STAGE 1) MENSTRUATION
6-10(STAGE 2) REBUILDING THE THICKENING OF THE UTERUS LINING
11-17(STAGE 3) OVULATION PERIOD. RELEASE OF AN OVUM FROM THE OVARY.
18-28(STAGE 4) CONTINUED THICKENING OF THE UTERUS LINING BY INCREASING BLOOD AND TISSUE.
THE BEGINNING. Day 1-5 : endometrium will be sloughed off (menstruation) One of the primary follicles develops Day 6-14 : The primary follicles becomes Graafian follicle. Graafian follicle releases its ovum (secondary oocyte) around day 14 ovulation IN PROGRESS. Day 15-28 : The remains of the Graafian follicle becomes a yellowish body corpus luteum. If no fertilisation : the corpus luteum eventually degenerates & the whole process is repeated. THE ROLE OF HORMONES The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones.
After menstruation, the pituitary gland produces the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the development of egg follicle in the ovary. The developing egg follicles secrete another hormone called oestrogen stimulates the repairing & thickening of endometrium.
Level of oestrogen rises, the endometrium becomes thicker.
High level of oestrogen is detected by the pituitary gland secretes the luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation & the formation of corpus luteum, Corpus luteum secretes progesterone to maintain the thickening of the endometrium.
If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates & the level of progesterone falls the endometrium disintegrates & is shed as menstruation. LEARNING OUTCOMES To state what premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is, To state the menopause is.
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) A few days before menstruation.
Caused by changes in the levels of oestrogen & progesterone leads to accumulation of salt & water in the body tissues causes discomfort.
Disappears soon after menstruation begins. MENOPAUSE The time in a womans life when the ovaries cease to produce ova & menstruation stops the woman is no longer able to bear any children.
Between 45-55 years.
Her ovaries become less receptive to FSH & LH & follicular development slows down the level of oestrogen & progesterone fall as well. Causes the production of ova & the thickening of endometrium decreased menopause occurs gradually.
The menstrual cycle becomes longer Menstruation occurs less frequently. Eventually, it stops altogether.
Due to the low level of oestrogen, some women who have undergone menopause may suffer from some health & emotional problems. Headache, giddiness Nausea Abdominal pain Frequent urination Hot flushes & night sweat Dry skin Anxiety Insomnia Inflammation of the joints Decreased concentration & memory power Women who have undergone menopause are at a higher risk of contracting cancer of the uterus, osteoporosis & heart diseases medical check-up at least once a year.
Hormone replacement therapy can slow down the symptoms (pills @ skin patches)