What Is Control

Valve?
Control Valve is...
Valves to control flow, pressure, temperature,
and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing
in response to signals received from controllers that
compare a "setpoint" to a process variable whose
value is provided by sensors that monitor changes in
such conditions.
Why Control Valves used?
Process plants consist of hundreds of control loops all
networked together to produce a product.

Each of these control loops is designed to keep some
important process variable (pressure, flow, level,
temperature)
Three Main Parts
How The Valve Is Controlled?
The arm muscle and hand actuator
Positioning its movable part Plug, ball, vane
Accurately locate the valve plug in a position dictated
by the control signal.


Control Valve Arrangement

Types
Of
Valve
GATE VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
CHECK VALVE
GLOBE VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
NEEDLE VALVE
PISTON VALVE

Types Of Control Valve
a) Pneumatic
b) Electrical
c) Hydraulic
a) Pneumatic actuators

i. Piston actuators
The compressed air is applied to a solid piston
contained within a solid cylinder.
Piston actuators can be single acting or double
acting
withstand higher input pressures and can offer
smaller cylinder volumes
act at high speed.


ii. Diaphragm actuators
Diaphragm actuators have compressed air applied
to a flexible membrane called the diaphragm.

Valve Type
Valve A are air to close type, indicating, if the air fails,
the valve will be fully open.
Opposite for the case for valve B.

Number of Plugs
Control valves can also be characterized in terms of
the number of plugs present as :

i. Single-seated valve

ii. Double-seated valve
Single Seated & Double Seated
Single Seated
Advantage :
Fully closed
Flow variation (0% to 100%)

Disadvantage:
Construction, pressure drop across the orifice,
a large upward force is present in the orifice
area.
Large force required to move the valve against
this upward thrust.
Suitable for small flow rate.
Double Seated
Advantages:
Flow moves upward in one orifice area, and downward in
the other orifice.
Almost zero resultant upward or downward thrust.
Less force required to move double-seated valve.

Disadvantage:
Flow cannot be shut off completely.
If one plug is tightly closed, there is usually a small gap
between the other plug and its seat.

b) Hydraulic Control Valve
Hydraulic actuators provide for semi-automatic or automatic
positioning of the valve (similar to pneumatic actuators).

These actuators use a piston to convert a signal pressure into
valve stem motion

A control valve slides in a cylinder and alters the flow of the fluid

Hydraulic fluid is fed to either side of the piston while the other
side is drained or bled


Solenoid valves are typically used for automatic control
of the hydraulic fluid to direct either opening or
closing of the valve

Manual valves can also be used for controlling the
hydraulic fluid thus providing semi-automatic
operation.

Piston operated
control valve

The hydraulic control valve shown in figure above is
normally held in the CLOSED position by both a spring
force and by the main pressure acting against the disk

When hydraulic pressure is admitted to the underside of
the piston a force is created to overcome both the spring
tension and the main pressure, causing the valve to open

When hydraulic pressure is released from under the
piston, the spring force the hydraulic fluid out of the
cylinder thus closing the valve.

A ratchet lever is fitted to the valve so in an emergency,
the valve can be opened by hand
c) Electrical Actuator Control Valve
1. Motor
2. Limit and
torque
sensor
3. Gearing
4. Valve
Attachmen
t
5. Manual
Operation
6. Electrical
Connectio
n




Working Principle
MOTOR
Three-phase AC motor are mostly used as the driving
force.
Single-phase AC or DC motors
Higher starting torque (asst by capacitors)
NOT design to run for continues operation
Robust

LIMIT & TORQUE SENSOR
The limit switch send signal when the end position has
been reached.
Torque switching measures the torque present in the
valve.
Remote position transmitter which indicates the valve
position.
GEARING

Excessive reduction ratio between gear stage is use to
reduce the high output speed of the electric motor.

VALVE ATTACHMENT

The flange used to firmly connect the actuator to the
counterpart on the valve side.
The higher the torque to be transmitted, the larger the
flange required.
MANUAL OPERATION
Power failure.
Handwheel DOES NOT move during motor operation.
During manual operation :
i. Electronic torque limiting device will not be
functioning.
ii. Mechanical torque limiting device used.
Electrical connection

Supply cables of the motor and the signal cables used.
To transmit the commands to the actuator and sending
feedback signals on the actuator status.