Poverty Alleviation in the UN

Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs): Problems
and Initiatives in the
Philippines
Presented by:

Emmanuel Ryan P. Francisco, RN
REPORT OUTLINE
I. Background on the MDGs
II. Highlights of the Second Philippines Progress Report on the
MDGs
A. Poverty Situation
B. Meeting Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
C. Environmental Situation/Challenges and Priorities for Action
III. Crosscutting Challenges and Priorities for Action
A. Hindering Factors
B. Facilitating Factors
C. Parallel Initiatives
D. Implications on the Philippine Economy


In September 2000, 189 member states of the United
Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration
The Millennium Declaration confirmed the commitment
of member states of the United Nations to peace and
security, respect for human rights, good governance
and human development
The Millennium Declaration also committed the member
states of the United Nations to achieve quantifiable
development goals and targets (the MDGs) until 2015
(15 years) that will at least ensure that development
initiatives are effectively eradicating poverty and promoting
sustainable human development
The MDGs are Owned by All
MDGs are not just the national governments commitment to
UN or the world; most important: they are their commitments
to their own people
The MDGs are our own development challenges for some
decades, now gaining a new opportunity from global and
national momentum of solidarity
The Goals are global in their scope, but targets and
indicators can be tailor-made to shorter time scales, higher
targets & local circumstances.
The MDGs are national commitments, but their
achievements (or failures) are at the local level
MDGs ownership by local governments, by the
business/private sector such as NGOs/Pos/civil society
plays a vital role and can make a huge difference in the
national and global achievements of MDGs
1990 to 2000 2001 to 2005
Baseline Current Target by Probability of
(1990 or Level 2015 Attaining the
MDG year closest (2002/2004) 1/ Targets
to 1990) 2/
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Proportion of population below the
Subsistence threshold 24.3
a
13.8
d
12.15 High
Poverty threshold 45.3
a
30.4
d
22.65 High
Proportion of families below the:
Subsistence threshold
20.4
a
10.4
d
10.2 High
Poverty threshold
39.9
a
24.7
d
19.95 HIgh
Proportion of households with per capita
intake below 100% dietary energy
requirement
69.4
b
56.9 34.7 High
MDGs: Rate of Progress
Baseline Current Target by Probability of
(1990 or Level 2015 Attaining the
MDG year closest (2002/2004) 1/ Targets
to 1990) 2/
Promote gender equality and empower
women
Ratio of girls to 100 boys
Elementary education 95.8
c
101.8
e
100 High
Secondary education 104.5
c
115.9
e
100 High
Reduce child mortality
Under 5-mortality rate (per 1,000 children) 80 40 26.7 High
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
57 29 19 High
Halt and begin to reverse the incidence
of malaria & other diseases
HIV prevalence <1% <1% <1% High
Malaria morbidity rate (per 100,000 pop)
123 48 24.2 High
Ensure environmental sustainability
Proportion of families with access to safe
drinking water 73.7
a
80 86.8 High
MDGs: Rate of Progress
(1990 or Level 2015 Attaining the
MDG year closest (2002/2004) 1/ Targets
to 1990) 2/
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
% underweight among 0-5 yo children 34.5 27.6 17.25 Medium
Achieve universal primary education
Elementary participation rate
3
85.1
a
90.05 100 Medium
Improve maternal health
Maternal mortality rate
209
172
c
52.2 Medium
Increase access to RH services
Contraceptive prevalence rate 40
b
48.9 70 Medium
Achieve universal primary education
Elementary cohort survival rate 68.4
a
69.8 83.3 Low
MDGs: Rate of Progress
SDC Res. No. 1 2003
Expanding functions
and composition of
MC-IHDC
DILG MC 2004-152
Guide to LGUs in
the Localization of
the MDGs
MTPDP 2004-2010
hews closely to the
MDGs
Strong
commitment of
the business
sector and civil
society
Investment identification
per goal and target in MTPIP
2005-2010
Strong support
of donor
community for
the MDGs
Legislative
support of
Congress
Enabling Environment for the MDGs
Poverty Situation
FIGURE 1: Poverty Incidence of Population by Region, 2003
Legend
Below national average (7.3 - 30.4)
Above national average(30.5 - 54.2)
Source
NSO Family Income and Expenditures Survey 2003
ARMM 53.1
Cordillera Region 31.2
Metro Manila 7.3
Ilocos Region 30.2
Cagayan Valley 24.5
Central Luzon 17.7
CALABARZON 18.8
MIMAROPA 47.9
Bicol Region 48.4
Western Visayas 39.1
Central Visayas 28.4
Eastern Visayas 43.3
Western Mindanao 49.4
Northern Mindanao 44.3
Southern Mindanao 34.4
Central Mindanao 38.4
CARAGA 54.2
Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence of Families and Population
by Region: 2000 and 2003
2000 Revised 2003 2000 Revised 2003 2000 Revised 2003
Philippines 11, 451 12, 267 27.5 24.7 33.0 30.4
NCR 15, 693 16, 796 5.7 5.0 7.6 7.3
CAR 13, 066 13, 976 30.7 24.8 37.6 31.2
Region I 12, 685 13, 276 29.4 24.4 35.1 30.2
Region II 11, 128 11, 409 25.2 19.3 30.4 24.5
Region III 13, 760 14, 342 17.3 13.7 21.4 17.7
Region IV-A 13, 657 14, 616 15.2 14.9 19.1 18.8
Region IV-B 11, 995 12, 406 36.3 39.7 45.2 47.9
Region V 11, 372 12, 354 45.3 40.5 52.6 48.4
Region VI 11, 313 12, 275 36.6 31.3 44.4 39.1
Region VII 9, 656 9, 779 31.5 23.7 36.2 28.4
Region VIII 9, 518 10, 802 37.5 35.5 45.1 43.3
Region IX 9, 116 10, 414 38.5 44.1 44.8 49.4
Region X 10, 503 11, 609 37.9 37.9 43.8 44.3
Region XI 10, 264 11, 276 27.7 28.1 33.1 34.4
Region XII 10, 466 11, 303 40.7 32.0 46.8 38.4
Caraga 10, 896 12, 000 43.7 47.3 50.9 54.2
ARMM 12, 192 12, 739 53.7 45.7 59.8 53.1
Poverty Incidence
of Population (%) Region
Annual Per Capita Poverty
Threshold (in Pesos)
Poverty Incidence
of Families (%)
FIGURE 2: Subsistence Incidence of Population, by Region 2003
Legend
Below national average
Above national average
Source
NSO_Family and Income Expenditure Study, 2003
ARMM 24.1
Cordillera Region 13.4
Metro Manila 0.6
Ilocos Region 11.2
Cagayan Valley 7.6
Central Luzon 4.2
CALABARZON 4.9
MIMAROPA 22.9
Bicol Region 26.6
Western Visayas 17.7
Central Visayas 14.6
Eastern Visayas 21
Western Mindanao 32.8
Northern Mindanao 25.4
Southern Mindanao 17.6
Central Mindanao 18.4
CARAGA 31
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold, Subsistence Incidence of Families and Population
by Region: 2000 and 2003
2000 Revised 2003 2000 Revised 2003 2000 Revised 2003
Philippines 7, 707 8, 134 12.3 10.4 15.8 13.8
NCR 9, 570 9, 974 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.6
CAR 8, 744 9, 117 13.7 9.8 17.9 13.4
Region I 8, 552 8, 903 11.4 8.1 15.2 11.2
Region II 7, 560 8, 026 9.3 5.6 11.8 7.6
Region III 8, 764 9, 338 4.2 2.9 5.5 4.2
Region IV-A 8, 782 9, 189 5.1 3.7 6.5 4.9
Region IV-B 8, 078 8, 339 17.4 17.7 24.1 22.9
Region V 8, 047 8, 372 23.3 20.3 29.3 26.6
Region VI 7, 983 8, 386 17.4 12.9 23.1 17.7
Region VII 6, 759 7, 016 16.9 11.2 20.7 14.6
Region VIII 7, 080 7, 696 19.1 15.5 24.8 21.0
Region IX 6, 574 7, 245 21.0 27.9 25.8 32.8
Region X 7, 296 7, 999 19.2 19.7 23.8 25.4
Region XI 7, 087 7, 751 12.8 13.5 16.7 17.6
Region XII 7, 235 7, 804 17.9 14.0 22.6 18.4
Caraga 7, 667 8, 353 24.4 24.5 30.7 31.0
ARMM 8, 313 8, 737 23.9 18.6 28.5 24.1
Region
Annual Per Capita Food Subsistence Incidence Subsistence Incidence
Threshold (in Pesos) of Families (%) of Population (%)
FIGURE 4: Percentage of Households with Less than 100% Energy Adequacy
FIGURE 5: Percentage of Underweight Children 0-5 Year Olds
Meeting Goal 1: Eradicate
Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Priority Policies and
Programs
Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI)
Enrolment of 7 million beneficiaries under
the National Health Insurance Program
(NHIP)
Wholesale portfolio of the Peoples Credit
and Finance Corporation (PCFC)
Implementation of asset reform programs
Delivery of human development services
MDGs
Amount
(in US$ million)
% Share to
Total MDG-
Related ODA
1 - Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger 6,259.4 77.40
2 - Achieve universal primary education 557.9 6.90
3 - Promote gender equality 3.8 0.05
4 - Reduce child mortality 139.9 1.73
5 - Improve maternal health 157.0 1.94
6 - Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases 25.3 0.31
7 - Ensure environmental sustainability 943.31 11.67
TOTAL 8,086.6 100.00
Summary of ODA for completed & ongoing projects,
by MDG category, from 2001-2005, in million US$
Source: NEDA-PMS
Official Development Assistance
for MDGs
INVESTMENTS SUPPORTIVE OF THE MDGs 2005-2010
MDGs
COST
(in PhP Billion)
1 - Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
1,294.2
2 - Achieve universal primary education
56.7
3 - Promote gender equality
-
4 - Reduce child mortality

69.9
5 - Improve maternal health
6 - Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases
7 - Ensure environmental sustainability
198.8
8 Global partnership for development
125.1
TOTAL 1,744.7
Source: NEDA-PIS
INTENSIFYING MULTISECTORAL PARTNERSHIP
AND COLLABORATION
Government (executive,
legislature, judicial)
Local
Government
CSOs,
Academe
Local
Government
Private/
Business
Donor
Community
Environmental Situation
and Challenges
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
Forests resources and watersheds
Biodiversity resources
Coastal and marine resources
Air quality
Water resources
Waste and toxic chemicals

Area Proportion to Total
(Hectares) (%)
7,168,400 100
2,560,872 36
Broadleaved 2,448,864
Mixed 24,618
Coniferous 87,390
4,030,588 56
Broadleaved 3,847,284
Mixed 69,861
Coniferous 113,443
247,362 3
329,578 5
Source: Forest Management Bureau (FMB)
Total Forest
Mangrove
Plantation
Forest Cover by Forest Type, 2003
Closed Forest
Open Forest
Category
Source: DENR Annual Report

Area Reforested, 1990-2003 (in hectares)
Year Total
Govern
ment
Percent Non-
Govern
ment
Percent
Sector
2003 15,087 13,195 87.5 1,892 12.5
2002 25,620 20,682 80.7 4,938 19.3
2001 31,440 26,524 84.4 4,916 15.6
2000 27,632 21,740 78.7 5,892 21.3
1999 42,165 31,183 74 10,982 26
1998 42,368 33,219 78.4 9,149 21.6
1997 66,236 49,301 74.4 16,935 25.6
1996 46,096 18,869 40.9 27,227 59.1
1995 65,233 21,841 33.5 43,392 66.5
1994 49,551 18,032 36.4 31,519 63.6
1993 19,211 6,347 33 12,864 67
1992 40,593 24,304 59.9 16,289 40.1
1991 93,039 73,602 79.1 19,437 20.9
1990 191,663 153,949 80.3 37,714 19.7
Annual
Average
53,995
Source: DENR Annual Report
Biodiversity Resources

Philippines
one of the megadiverse countries in the
world
higher regard for the endemism of local
species

but
most severely threatened of the
megadiverse countries
Coastal and Marine Resources
rich sources of fish and aquatic products
habitat for countless underwater wildlife
natural areas for recreation/tourism

Water resources
disparities in water supply coverage across
regions
depletion of ground water especially in Metro
Manila and Metro Cebu
pollution of water sources

Air Quality
pollution remains a problem in Metro Manila and
major urban centers
on the level of suspended particulates (TSP), air
quality is not within standards

Waste and Toxic Chemicals
solid waste generation in Metro Manila is
estimated at 5,345 tons per day
urbanization inevitably increased the use of
chemicals
no integrated treatment facility for hazardous
waste

Priority Policies and
Programs
Adoption of Sustainable Forest
Management
Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines
and the Watersheds Code
Various biodiversity acts
Fisheries Code and AFMA
Clean Air Act
Challenges and Priorities for
Action
Sustainable and more productive utilization of
natural resources
Focus and strengthen the protection of
vulnerable and ecologically fragile areas
Create healthier environment for the population
Mitigate the occurrence of natural disasters
Ensure environmental accountability for all
industries
CROSS-CUTTING
CHALLENGES.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Government Expenditure Program by Sector
FY 2000-2005
Social Services Debt Service Economic Services General Public Services Defense
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND
PRIORITIES FOR ACTION
Source: DBM, Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing
FINANCING THE MDGs
Sector/Year 2001 2002 2003 2004
Economic Services
15,982,070 45,484,830 52,853,500 58,700,890
(15%) (32%) (33%) (34%)
Social Services
28,979,110 26,352,690 34,001,700 36,135,990
(27%) (19%) (21%) (21%)
General Public Services
63,375,820 69,580,140 73,954,470 78,545,740
(58%) (49%) (46%) (45%)
Total Public Expenditures
108,337,000 141,417,660 160,809,670 173,382,620
FINANCING THE MDGs
Distribution of Public Expenditures by Local Government Units
By Sector, 2001-2004 (in thousand pesos)
Source: DBM, Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND
PRIORITIES FOR ACTION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2001 2002 2003 2004
ODA Commitments by Sector
FY 2001-2004 (US$ million)
Agriculture, agrarian
reform and natural
resources
Governance and
institutions
development
Infrastructure
development
Social reform and
development
Industry and services
Source: NEDA-PIS
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND
PRIORITIES FOR ACTION
FINANCING THE MDGs
CROSS-CUTTING CHALLENGES
AND PRIORITIES FOR ACTION
Reduce disparities across regions
Increase resource allocation for MDG-related programs
and projects
Enforce full/stricter implementation of laws & ensure
passage of MDG-supportive bills
Strengthen monitoring and implementation
Scale-up campaign for localization
Develop an advocacy plan
Intensify multisectoral partnership & collaboration

Facilitating Factors
Strong global support for MDGs by the United
Nations, ASEAN, and other multilateral
organizations;
Expanding national support among
policymakers for MDGs (e.g., creation of the
House Committee on MDGs, issuance of EO
on the MDGs);
Prioritization of MDGs in resource allocation
(e.g., focusing of MTPIP investments on
MDGs)
Increasing awareness and participation of
private sector, LGUs in MDG-related
programs
Hindering Factors
Resource constraints (i.e., MDG financing
gap of about $1.5 billion yearly);
Lack of support by creditors for the Debt
for MDG Projects/Debt for Equity in MDG
Projects initiative;
Low budgetary priority for MDGs accorded
by some LGUs; and
Lack of disaggregated data to monitor
MDGs at local levels.
Parallel Initiatives
Participation in the High-Level Plenary
Meeting on MDGs
Formulation of the Plan of Action for
Poverty Reduction (2006-2010)
Enhance the current Poverty Reduction
Strategy and Program Framework
Advocacy for the Philippine proposal on
Debt for Equity in MDG Projects

Implications on the Philippine
Economy
MDG attainment would require:
Enhanced revenue generation;
LGU, private sector and civil society support;
Expansion of microfinance services for the poor;
Pursuit of projects with high economic impact;
Right-sizing the bureaucracy;
Privatization; and
Tapping OFW remittances.